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| Gov Reynolds receives recognition for tax policy, eyeing tax incentive changes i |
| Posted on Friday, December 06 @ 00:00:11 PST (4 reads) | |
|
Who des moines gov reynolds receives recognition for tax policy, eyeing tax incentive changes in 2025 zach fisher fri, december 6, 2024 at 1:09 am utc 1 min read
altoona, iowa — a month before a new legislative session begins, iowa governor kim reynolds received recognition for her work on tax policy in the last several years.
the linda s. Weindruch award is given out every year by the iowa taxpayers association. Members met at the prairie meadows conference center on thursday and friday. Gov. Reynolds received the award on thursday afternoon, with the association recognizing tax policy and budgeting principles passed under her direction.
grinnell college students use dining dollars at local businesses and boost downtown’s economy
advertisement advertisement advertisement “i’m proud to say that i’ve signed four more historic tax reform packages since 2018,” said reynolds. “What you see is what you get, low taxes, low spending and more money in the pockets of citizens and businesses who truly create prosperity.”
reynolds thanked the association for the recognition while outlining the work done since she’s taken over the office. She ended her speech indicating that the work is not over yet for changes to different types of state tax policy.
debi durham, the director of the iowa finance authority and iowa economic development authority spoke a couple of hours before gov. Reynolds. Durham outlined the economic goals for the state to the business leaders in attendance, indicating a change to the research development tax credit.
“i think it is inevitable that there will be changes to the r&d. I think i can safely say that. I think, honestly, i think industry is going to like it a lot better. I think there is going to be some surety for you and i think it’s going to bring some comfort to the legislature that hasn’t been there,” said durham. “We are proposing changes. And we are proposing changes to our incentives overall.”
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gov reynolds receives recognition for tax policy, eyeing tax incentive changes in 2025
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| Details, Fiction and 79 loan |
| Posted on Friday, December 06 @ 00:00:11 PST (3 reads) | |
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a heloc is a home equity loan that actually works a lot more like a bank card. You might be supplied a line of credit history that may be reused while you repay the loan. The desire price is frequently variable and tied to an index such as the prime charge. Our home equity calculators can respond to many different thoughts, which include:
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| Advanced BioFuels USA – Can You Still Bank On Carbon Opportunities? |
| Posted on Friday, December 06 @ 00:00:11 PST (3 reads) | |
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by margy eckelkamp (agweb) five years after their introduction, carbon offset markets have evolved, and some have disappeared. -- Carbon offset markets caused quite the buzz in 2020 with a flurry of more than a dozen opportunities for farmers being introduced in a short time frame.
today, the dust has settled a bit, and as such, the programs currently available are more focused and have multiple years of a track record behind them.
this space has seen exits. At the end of 2023, rabo agrifinance ended its carbon bank pilot programs, and it reassigned its focus in its sustainability team. In september, nori closed its doors.
two other programs refined their approaches to no longer include offsets.
moving away from a broader approach, now nutrien offers its sustainable nitrogen outcomes program, which focuses on nitrogen management as a way to reduce overall nitrous oxide emissions.
...
have carbon offset opportunities reached their peak? Current providers say no.
“we’re still on the upswing,” says clay creighton with agoro. “When i started at agoro four years ago, we had 30,000 acres enrolled. Today, it’s close to 2.4 million across 32 states.”
in the past three years, indigo ag has produced $16 million in sustainability program payments to farmers—$10 million of which was from carbon offsets. In the first three years, truterra paid over $21 million to farmers for the sequestration and reduction of over 1.1 million metric tons of carbon.
in that same time, the value of a carbon credit per ton has risen from $15-$20 to now $60-$80.
in december, a partnership was announced where truterra will begin offering indigo ag carbon programs, and indigo ag science will back truterra’s carbon measurement. Company leaders say this partnership aims to simplify, standardize and bring scalability.
...
carbon offsets require a practice change or additionality for enrollment. With financial support available to facilitate those changes, farmers ask how they can stack these opportunities. In the most simple way to answer those questions, federal and state-funded programs can be stacked with private programs (most often). But enrollment can not duplicate across multiple outcomes. For example, crops can’t be enrolled in a scope 1 program at the same time as a scope 3 program.
this is coming into focus as questions are asked around the carbon space because of the 45z tax credit provisions scheduled to go into effect on jan. 1, 2025. The provisions make carbon intensity a measurement parameter for biofuels production. A crop acre can’t be enrolled for offsets at the same time a crop is sold for 45z tax credits. [Read more](https://www.Agweb.Com/news/crops/crop-production/can-you-still-bank-carbon-opportunities?Utm_medium=promotional_email&utm_source=email&utm_campaign=sus024&mkt_tok=odqzlvlhqi03otmaaagxoajtxywc5pxro4gfaz_u3ntgwhi0lsgy93a29j2j_lwha8prw6yi9djavunjivytxzcsoscab7vv7-fw3hr6vws8dzfgbu2baiu7z0_xfsonjiyejq)
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[teacher resources](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/education/teacher-resources) -
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[technician training](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/education/technician-training) -
[university/college programs](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/education/universitycollege-programs) -
[events](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/events) -
[coming events](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/events/upcoming-events) -
[completed events](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/events/completed-events) -
[more coming events](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/events/more-coming-events) -
[requests for speakers, presentations, posters](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/events/requests-for-speakers-proposals) -
[requests for speakers, presentations, posters completed](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/events/requests-for-speakers-proposals-completed) -
[webinars/online](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/events/webinars) -
[webinars/online completed; often available on-demand](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/events/webinars-completed) -
[federal agency/executive branch](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency) -
[agency for international development (usaid)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/agency-for-international-development-usaid) -
[agriculture (usda)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/agriculture-federal-agency) -
[commerce department](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/commerce) -
[commodity futures trading commission](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/commodity-futures-trading-commission) -
[congressional budget office](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/congressional-budget-office) -
[defense (dod)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/defense) -
[air force](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/defense/air-force-defense-federal-agency) -
[army](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/defense/army) -
[darpa (defense advance research projects agency)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/defense/darpa-defense-federal-agency) -
[defense logistics agency](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/defense/defense-logistics-agency) -
[marines](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/defense/marines-defense-federal-agency) -
[navy](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/defense/navy-defense-federal-agency) -
[education department](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/education-federal-agency) -
[energy (doe)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/energy) -
[environmental protection agency](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/environmental-protection-agency-federal-agency) -
[federal energy regulatory commission (ferc)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/federal-energy-regulatory-commission-ferc) -
[federal reserve system](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/federal-reserve-system) -
[federal trade commission](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/federal-trade-commission) -
[food and drug administration](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/food-and-drug-administration-federal-agency) -
[general services administration](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/general-services-administration) -
[government accountability office (gao)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/government-accountability-office) -
[health and human services (hhs)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/health-and-human-services) -
[homeland security](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/homeland-security) -
[housing and urban development (hud)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/housing-and-urban-developmenthud) -
[interior department](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/interior) -
[international trade commission](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/international-trade-commission) -
[joint office of energy and transportation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/joint-office-of-energy-and-transportation) -
[justice (doj)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/justice) -
[labor department](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/labor) -
[national academy of sciences](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/national-academy-of-sciences) -
[national aeronautics and space administration](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/national-air-and-space-administration) -
[national oceanic and atmospheric administration](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/national-oceanic-and-atmospheric-administration) -
[national research council](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/national-research-council) -
[national science foundation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/national-science-foundation) -
[national transportation safety board (ntsb)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/national-transportation-safety-board-ntsb) -
[occupational safety and health administration](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/occupational-safety-and-health-administration) -
[overseas private investment corporation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/overseas-private-investment-corporation) -
[patent and trademark office](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/patent-and-trademark-office) -
[securities and exchange commission](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/securities-and-exchange-commission) -
[state department](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/state) -
[surface transportation board](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/surface-transportation-board) -
[transportation (dot)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/transportation) -
[federal aviation administration](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/transportation/federal-aviation-administration-federal-agency) -
[national highway traffic safety administration (nhtsa)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/transportation/national-highway-traffic-safety-administration-nhtsa) -
[pipeline and hazardous materials safety admin (phmsa)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/transportation/ipeline-and-hazardous-materials-safety-admin-phmsa) -
[treasury department](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/treasury) -
[u.S. Trade representative (ustr)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/u-s-trade-representative-ustr) -
[white house](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-agency/white-house) -
[federal legislation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-legislation) -
[federal litigation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-litigation) -
[federal regulation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/federal-regulation) -
[feedstocks](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks) -
[agriculture/food processing residues nonfield crop](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/feedstock-agriculture-food-processing-residues-nonfield-crop) -
[alcohol/ethanol/isobutanol](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/ethanol-feedstocks) -
[algae/other aquatic organisms/seaweed](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/feedstock-algae) -
[atmosphere](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/atmosphere) -
[carbon dioxide (co2)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/co2) -
[field/orchard/plantation crops/residues](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/feedstock-field-crops) -
[forestry/wood/residues/waste](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/feedstock-forestry-wood) -
[hydrogen](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/hydrogen) -
[manure](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/manure) -
[methane/biogas](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/methanebiogas) -
[methanol/bio-/renewable methanol](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/methanol-bio-renewable-methanol) -
[not agriculture](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/feedstock-not-agriculture) -
[rfnbo (renewable fuels of non-biological origin)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/rfnbo-renewable-fuels-of-non-biological-origin) -
[seawater](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/seawater-feedstocks) -
[sugars](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/sugars-feedstocks) -
[water](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/feedstocks/water) -
[funding/financing/investing](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/fundingfinancing) -
[grants](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/grants) -
[green jobs](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/green-jobs) -
[green racing](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/green-racing) -
[health concerns/benefits](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/health-concernsbenefits) -
[heating oil/fuel](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/heating-oil-2) -
[history of advanced biofuels](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/history-of-advanced-biofuels) -
[infrastructure](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/invrastructure) -
[aggregation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/invrastructure/aggregation) -
[biofuels engine design](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/invrastructure/infrastructure-biofuels-engine-design) -
[biorefinery/fuel production infrastructure](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/invrastructure/biorefinery-infrastructure) -
[carbon capture/storage/use](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/invrastructure/carbon-capture) -
[certification](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/invrastructure/certification-invrastructure) -
[deliver dispense](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/invrastructure/infrastructure-deliver-dispense) -
[farming/growing](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/invrastructure/infrastructure-farminggrowing) -
[precursors/biointermediates](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/invrastructure/precursorsintermediates) -
[preprocessing](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/invrastructure/preprocessing) -
[pretreatment](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/invrastructure/infrastructure-pretreatment) -
[terminals transport pipelines](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/invrastructure/infrastructure-terminals-transport) -
[international](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international) -
[abu dhabi](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-abu-dhabi) -
[afghanistan](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-afghanistan) -
[africa](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-africa) -
[albania](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/albania) -
[algeria](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/algeria) -
[angola](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-angola) -
[antarctica](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/antarctica) -
[argentina](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-argentina) -
[armenia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/armenia) -
[aruba](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/aruba) -
[asia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-asia) -
[asia pacific](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/pacific-asia) -
[australia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-australia) -
[austria](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-austria) -
[azerbaijan](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/azerbaijan) -
[bahamas](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-bahamas) -
[bahrain](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/bahrain) -
[bangladesh](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/bangladesh) -
[barbados](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/barbados) -
[belarus](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/belarus-international) -
[belgium](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-belgium) -
[beliz](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/beliz) -
[benin](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/benin) -
[bermuda](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/bermuda) -
[bhutan](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/bhutan) -
[bolivia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/bolivia) -
[bosnia and herzegovina](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/bosnia-and-herzegovina) -
[botswana](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-botswana) -
[brazil](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-brazil) -
[brunei](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/brunei) -
[bulgaria](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/bulgaria) -
[burkina faso](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/burkina-faso) -
[burundi](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/burundi) -
[cambodia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/cambodia) -
[cameroon](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/cameroon) -
[canada](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-canada) -
[caribbean](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/caribbean-international) -
[central african republic](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/central-african-republic) -
[central america](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-central-america) -
[chad](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/chad-international) -
[chile](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-chile) -
[china](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-china) -
[colombia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-colombia) -
[congo, democratic republic of](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-congo) -
[costa rica](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/costa-rica) -
[croatia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/croatia-international) -
[cuba](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/cuba) -
[cyprus](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/cyprus) -
[czech republic](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/czech-republic) -
[denmark](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-danemark) -
[dominican republic](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/dominican-republic) -
[dubai](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/dubai-international) -
[ecuador](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/ecuador) -
[el salvador](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/el-salvador) -
[equatorial guinea](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/equatorial-guinea) -
[eqypt](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-eqypt) -
[estonia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/estonia) -
[ethiopia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-ethiopia) -
[european union (eu)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-eu) -
[fiji](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/fiji) -
[finland](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-finland) -
[france](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-france) -
[french guiana](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/french-guiana) -
[gabon](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/gabon) -
[georgia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/georgia) -
[germany](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-germany) -
[ghana](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-ghana) -
[global south](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/global-south) -
[greece](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/greece) -
[greenland](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/greenland) -
[guatemala](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/guatemala-international) -
[guinea](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/guinea) -
[guyana](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/guyana) -
[haiti](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-haiti) -
[honduras](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-honduras) -
[hong kong](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/hong-kong) -
[hungary](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/hungary) -
[iceland](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/iceland) -
[india](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-india) -
[indonesia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-indonesia) -
[iran](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-iran) -
[iraq](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/iraq) -
[ireland](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-ireland) -
[israel](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-israel) -
[italy](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/italy) -
[ivory coast](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/ivory-coast) -
[jamaica](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-jamaica) -
[japan](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-japan) -
[jersey](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/jersey) -
[jordan](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/jordan) -
[kazakhstan](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/kazakhstan) -
[kenya](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-kenya) -
[korea](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/korea-international) -
[kosovo](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/kosovo) -
[kuwait](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/kuwait-international) -
[laos](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/laos-international) -
[latin america](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/latin-america-international) -
[latvia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/latvia) -
[lebanon](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/lebanon) -
[liberia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-liberia) -
[lithuania](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/lithuania) -
[luxembourg](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/luxembourg) -
[macedonia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/macedonia) -
[madagascar](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/madagascar-international) -
[malawi](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/malawi) -
[malaysia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-malaysia) -
[maldives](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/mldives) -
[mali](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/mali-international) -
[malta](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/malta) -
[marshall islands](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/marshall-islands) -
[mauritania](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/mauritania) -
[mauritius](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/mauritius) -
[mexico](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-mexico) -
[middle east](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/middle-east) -
[monaco](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/monaco) -
[mongolia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/mongolia) -
[morocco](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/morocco) -
[mozambique](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-mozambique) -
[myanmar/burma](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/myanmarburma) -
[namibia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-namibia) -
[nepal](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/nepal) -
[netherlands](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-netherlands) -
[new guinea](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/new-guinea) -
[new zealand](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-new-zealand) -
[nicaragua](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/nicaragua) -
[niger](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/niger) -
[nigeria](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-nigeria) -
[north africa](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/north-africa) -
[north korea](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/north-korea) -
[northern ireland](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/northern-ireland) -
[norway](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-norway) -
[oman](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-oman) -
[pakistan](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-pakistan) -
[panama](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-panama) -
[papua new guinea](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/papua-new-guinea-international) -
[paraguay](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/paraguay) -
[peru](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-peru) -
[philippines](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-philippines) -
[poland](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/poland) -
[portugal](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/portugal) -
[qatar](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/qatar) -
[romania](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/romania) -
[russia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-russia) -
[rwanda](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/rwanda) -
[saudi arabia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/saudi-arabia) -
[scotland](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-scotland) -
[senegal](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/senegal-international) -
[serbia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-serbia) -
[sierra leone](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/sierra-leone) -
[singapore](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-singapore) -
[slovakia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/slovakia-international) -
[slovenia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-slovenia) -
[solomon islands](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/solomon-islands) -
[south africa](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-south-africa) -
[south america](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-south-america) -
[south korea](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-south-korea) -
[south sudan](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/south-sudan) -
[southeast asia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-southeast-asia) -
[spain](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-spain) -
[sri lanka](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/sri-lanka-international) -
[sudan](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-sudan) -
[suriname](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/suriname) -
[swaziland](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/swaziland-international) -
[sweden](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-sweden) -
[switzerland](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-switzerland) -
[taiwan](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-taiwan) -
[tanzania](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-tanzania) -
[thailand](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-thailand) -
[timor-leste](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/timor-leste) -
[togo](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/togo) -
[trinidad and tobago](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/trinidad-and-tobago) -
[tunisia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-tunisia) -
[turkey](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-turkey) -
[uganda](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-uganda) -
[uk (united kingdom)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/international-uk) -
[ukraine](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/ukraine) -
[united arab emirates uae](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/united-arab-emirates-uae) -
[uruguay](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/uruguay) -
[uzbekistan](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/uzbekistan) -
[vatican](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/international/vatican) -
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[bioenergy2015](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/presentations/presentations-doe-conferences/bioenergy2015) -
[biomass2008](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/presentations/presentations-doe-conferences/presentations-biomass2008) -
[biomass2009](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/presentations/presentations-doe-conferences/presentations-biomass2009) -
[biomass2010](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/presentations/presentations-doe-conferences/presentations-biomass2010) -
[biomass2011](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/presentations/presentations-doe-conferences/biomass2011) -
[biomass2012](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/presentations/presentations-doe-conferences/biomass-2012) -
[biomass2013](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/presentations/presentations-doe-conferences/presentations-biomass-2013) -
[biomass2014](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/presentations/presentations-doe-conferences/biomass2014) -
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[nebraska](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/states/states-nebraska) -
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[rhode island](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/states/rhode-island) -
[south carolina](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/states/states-south-carolina) -
[south dakota](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/states/states-south-dakota) -
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[utah](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/states/states-utah) -
[vermont](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/states/vermont) -
[virginia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/states/states-virginia) -
[washington](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/states/states-washington) -
[washington dc](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/states/states-washington-dc) -
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[west virginia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/states/states-west-virginia) -
[wisconsin](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/states/states-wisconsin) -
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[what you can do](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/category/what-you-can-do)
tags
[advanced clean fleets rule](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/advanced-clean-fleets-rule)
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[100% saf (sustainable aviation fuel)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/100-saf-sustainable-aviation-fuel)
[103 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/103-octane)
[105 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/105-octane)
[108 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/108-octane)
[109 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/109-octane)
[110 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/110-octane)
[113 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/113-octane)
[119 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/119-octane)
[2016 us house and senate campaigns](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/2016-us-house-and-senate-campaigns)
[2016 us presidential campaign](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/2016-us-presidential-campaign)
[2018 us senate and house campaigns other election activities](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/2018-us-senate-and-house-campaigns)
[2020 election](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/2020-election-activities)
[2022 election](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/2022-election)
[2022 us senate and house campaign](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/2022-us-senate-and-house-campaign)
[2024 election](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/2024-election)
[2nd generation biofuels](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/2nd-generation-biofuels)
[3-d](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/3d)
[3d printing](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/3d-printing)
[3rd generation biofuels](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/3rd-generation-biofuels)
[4-h](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/4-h)
[40a biodiesel and renewable diesel tax incentive](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/40a)
[40b sustainable aviation fuel tax credit](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/40b)
[45q carbon oxide sequestration tax credit](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/45q)
[45v hydrogen production tax credit](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/45v)
[45x advanced manufacturing production tax credit](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/45x)
[45z clean fuel production tax credit](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/clean-fuel-production-tax-credit-45z)
[48c advanced energy project tax credit](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/48c)
[4th generation fuels](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/4th-generation-biofuels)
[7% solution](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/7-solution)
[81 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/81-octane)
[84 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/84-octane)
[85 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/85-octane)
[87 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/87-octane)
[88 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/88-octane)
[89 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/89-octane)
[90 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/90-octane)
[91 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/91-octane)
[92 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/92-octane)
[93 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/93-octane)
[94 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/94-octane)
[95 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/95-octane)
[96 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/96-octane)
[98 octane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/98-octane)
[a20 (20% methanol/bioethanol)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/a20-20-methanol-bioethanol)
[abatement](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/abatement)
[abu](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/abu)
[abu dhabi](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/abu-dhabi)
[acacia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/acacia)
[acetate](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/acetate)
[acetic acid](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/acetic-acid)
[acetone](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/acetone)
[acid](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/acid)
[acid hydrolysis](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/acid-hydrolysis)
[adaptive evolution](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/adaptive-evolution)
[additional carbon](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/additional-carbon)
[additionality](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/additionality)
[adequate/inadequate domestic supply](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/adequate-inadequate-domestic-supply)
[administrative procedure act](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/administrative-procedure-act)
[adsorption](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/adsorption)
[advanced biofuel payment program](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/advanced-biofuel-payment-program)
[advanced biofuel prices](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/advanced-biofuel-prices)
[advanced biofuels](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/advanced-biofuels)
[advanced biofuels production](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/advanced-biofuels-production)
[advanced clean cars ii rule (acc and accii)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/advanced-clean-cars-ii-rule-acc-and-accii)
[advanced clean trucks rule](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/advanced-clean-trucks-rule)
[advanced ethanol](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/advanced-ethanol)
[advanced ethanol tax credit](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/advanced-ethanol-tax-credit)
[advertising campaign](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/advertising-campaign)
[aerobic digestion](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aerobic-digestion)
[aerosols](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aerosols)
[affordable clean energy program (ace)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/affordable-clean-energy-program-ace)
[afforestation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/afforestation)
[afghanistan](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/afghanistan)
[africa](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/africa)
[agarda (agriculture advanced research and development authority)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/agarda-agriculture-advanced-research-and-development-authority)
[agave](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/agave)
[aggregation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aggregation-2)
[agricultural conservation easement program (acep)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/agricultural-conservatin-easement-program-acep)
[agricultural economics](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/agricultural-economics)
[agricultural policy](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/agricultural-policy)
[agricultural waste/residue](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/agricultural-wasteresidue)
[agriculture](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/agriculture)
[agrivoltaic/agrovoltaic](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/agrivoltaic-agrovoltaic)
[agroforestry](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/agroforestry)
[agrofuels](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/agrofuels)
[agronomy](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/agronomy)
[air force](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/air-force)
[air pollution control](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/air-pollution-control)
[air pollution policy](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/air-pollution-policy)
[air quality](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/air-quality)
[aircraft engine emissions](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aircraft-engine-emissions)
[airports](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/airports)
[alabama](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alabama)
[alaska](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/states-alaska)
[albania](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/albania)
[albedo](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/albedo)
[alberta](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alberta)
[albizia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/albizia)
[alcohol fuel cells](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alcohol-fuel-cells)
[alcohol fuels](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alcohol-fuels)
[alcohol-to-diesel](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alcohol-to-diesel)
[alcohol-to-jet (atj)/ethanol-to-jet (etj)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alcohol-to-jet)
[alfalfa](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alfalfa)
[algae](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/algae)
[algae contamination](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/algae-contamination)
[algae cultivation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/algae-cultivation)
[algae extraction](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/algae-extraction)
[algae harvesting](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/algae-harvesting)
[algae parity](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/algae-parity)
[algae separation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/algae-separation)
[algal biofuels](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/algal-biofuels)
[algeria](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/algeria)
[algiers](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/algiers)
[alkaline exchange membrane (aem)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alkaline-exchange-membrane-aem)
[alkanes](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alkanes)
[alkenes](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alkenes)
[alkylate](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alkylate)
[alligator fat](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alligator-fat)
[almond](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/almond)
[almond hulls shells](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/almond-hulls-shells)
[alternative energy vehicles](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alternative-energy-vehicles)
[alternative fuels](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alternative-fuels)
[alternative fuels credit](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alternative-fuels-credit)
[alternative fuels excise tax credit](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alternative-fuels-excise-tax-credit)
[alternative fuels tax credit (aftc)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/alternative-fuels-tax-credit-aftc)
[aluminum](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aluminum)
[amazon](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/amazon)
[american le mans series (alms)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/american-le-mans-series-alms)
[ammonia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/ammonia)
[ammonia fiber explosion (afex)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/ammonia-fiber-explosion-afex)
[ammonia fuel cell](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/ammonia-fuel-cell)
[ammonia price](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/ammonia-price)
[ammonia terminal](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/ammonia-terminal)
[amylose](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/amylose)
[anaerobic digestate](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/anaerobic-digestate)
[anaerobic digester/digestion](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/anaerobic-digester-digestion)
[and energy use in transportation model](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/and-energy-use-in-transportation-model)
[angola](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/angola)
[anhydrous ethanol](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/anhydrous-ethanol)
[animal bedding](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/horse-bedding)
[animal fat](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/animal-fat)
[animal feed](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/animal-feed)
[animal waste](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/animal-waste)
[antactica](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/antactica)
[antarctica](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/antarctica)
[antibiotics](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/antibiotics)
[antitrust](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/antitrust)
[apple](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/apple)
[appropriations](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/appropriations)
[apr (aqueous phase reforming)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/apr-aqueous-phase-reforming)
[aquaculture](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aquaculture)
[aquatic organisms](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aquatic-organisms)
[arabidopsis](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/arabidopsis)
[arabinose](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/arabinose)
[arca](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/arca)
[archaea](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/archaea)
[architecture](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/architecture)
[arctic](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/arctic)
[argentian](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/argentian)
[argentiina](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/argentiina)
[argentina](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/argentina)
[arizona](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/arizona)
[arkansas](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/arkansas)
[armenia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/armenia)
[army corps of engineers](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/army-corps-of-engineers)
[aromatics](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aromatics)
[aromatics price](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aromatics-price)
[arpa-c](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/arpa-c)
[arpa-e](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/arpa-e)
[arpa-terra](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/arpa-terra)
[arrandi](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/arrandi)
[artificial intelligence](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/artificial-intelligence)
[aruba](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aruba)
[asia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/asia)
[asia pacific](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/asia-pacific)
[asphalt/bitumen](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/asphalt-bitumen)
[astm](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm)
[astm 6866](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-6866)
[astm d1655](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d1655)
[astm d2880](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d2880)
[astm d396](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d396)
[astm d4054](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d4054)
[astm d4806 denatured fuel ethanol](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d4806-denatured-fuel-ethanol)
[astm d4814](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d4814)
[astm d5798](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d5798)
[astm d6751](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d6751)
[astm d7467 (b6-b20)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d7467-b6-b20)
[astm d7544](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d7544)
[astm d7566 (standard specification for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d7566-standard-specification-for-aviation-turbine-fuel-containing-synthesized-hydrocarbons)
[astm d7862](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d7862)
[astm d7875](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d7875)
[astm d7901 (dme-dimethyl ether for fuel purposes)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d7901)
[astm d8076](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d8076)
[astm d8181](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d8181)
[astm d975](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-d975)
[astm e3050 denatured ethanol for cooking](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-e3050-denatured-ethanol-for-cooking)
[astm e3146](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-e3146)
[astm standards](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-standards)
[astm wk55232 (d02)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-wk55232-d02)
[astm wk63392](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/astm-wk63392)
[atj-spk (alcohol to jet synthetic paraffinic kerosene)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/atj-spk-alcohol-to-jet-synthetic-paraffinic-kerosene)
[atlantic canada](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/atlantic-canada)
[atmosphere](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/atmosphere)
[atomic energy commission (aec)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/atomic-energy-commission-aec)
[australia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/australia)
[australian pine](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/australian-pine)
[austria](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/austria)
[auto manufacturer](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/auto-manufacturer)
[automotive](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/automotive)
[aviation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aviation)
[aviation fuel (saf) benefits](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aviation-biofuel-benefits)
[aviation fuel (saf) mandates](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aviation-fuel-saf-mandates)
[aviation fuel (saf) price](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aviation-biofuel-price)
[aviation fuel (saf) production](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aviation-fuel-production)
[aviation fuel (saf) pumps/delivery](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aviation-biofuel-pumpsdelivery)
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[aviation fuel (saf) terminal](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aviation-fuel-terminal)
[aviation fuel/sustainable aviation fuel (saf)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/aviation-fuel-sustainable-aviation-fuel-saf)
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[awards/recognition](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/awardsrecognition)
[azerbaijan.](Https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/azerbaijan)
[b](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b)
[b0](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b0)
[b10](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b10)
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[b100 pumps](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b100-pumps)
[b11](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b11)
[b12](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b12)
[b12.5](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b12-5)
[b13](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b13)
[b14](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b14)
[b15](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b15)
[b16](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b16)
[b17](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b17)
[b19](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b19)
[b2](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b2)
[b20](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b20)
[b24](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b24)
[b25](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b25)
[b3](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b3)
[b30](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b30)
[b30rd10](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b30rd10)
[b33](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b33)
[b35](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b35)
[b4](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b4)
[b40](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b40)
[b49](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b49)
[b5](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b5)
[b50](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b50)
[b50rd50](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b50rd50)
[b6](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b6)
[b60](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b60)
[b7](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b7)
[b70](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b70)
[b75](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b75)
[b8](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b8)
[b80](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b80)
[b98](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b98)
[b99](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/b99)
[babados nut tree](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/babados-nut-tree)
[babassu](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/babassu)
[bacteria](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bacteria)
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[banana](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/banana)
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[bangladesh](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bangladesh)
[bankruptcy](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bankruptcy)
[barbados](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/barbados)
[barge](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/barge)
[barley](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/barley)
[barley fiber](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/barley-fiber)
[barley protein](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/barley-protein)
[barley straw](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/barley-straw)
[basque](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/basque)
[batteries](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/batteries)
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[beaver](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/beaver)
[beer](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/beer)
[bees](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bees)
[belarus](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/belarus)
[belgium](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/belgium)
[belize](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/belize)
[benin](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/benin)
[benzene](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/benzene)
[bermuda](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bermuda)
[bhutan](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bhutan)
[big bluestem](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/big-bluestem)
[big data](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/big-data)
[big food](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/big-food)
[big oil/oil majors](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/big-oil-oil-majors)
[bigoil](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bigoil)
[billion ton study](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/billion-ton-study)
[bio](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bio)
[bio lpg (bio liquid petroleum gas)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bio-lpg)
[bio-based diesel benefits](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bio-based-diesel-benefits)
[bio-based economy](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bio-based-economy)
[bio-cng pumps](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bio-cng-pumps)
[bio-cng/rng terminal](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bio-cng-rng-terminal)
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[bio-lng pumps (liquified natural gas)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bio-lng-pumps-liquified-natural-gas)
[bio-lng terminal](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bio-lng-terminal)
[bio-natural gas](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bio-natural-gas)
[bio-ngv (natural gas for vehicles)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bio-ngv-natural-gas-for-vehicles)
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[bio-spk (bio derived synthetic paraffinic kerosene)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bio-spk-bio-derived-synthetic-paraffinic-kerosene)
[biobased](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biobased)
[biobased market access and development grants](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biobased-market-access-and-development-grants)
[biobased markets program](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biobased-markets-program)
[biobased materials](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biobased-materials)
[biobased product manufacturing assistance program](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/and-biobased-product-manufacturing-assistance-program)
[biochar](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biochar)
[biochemical conversion](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biochemical-conversion)
[biochemicals/renewable chemicals](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biochemicals)
[biociiesel](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biociiesel)
[bioconversion](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bioconversion)
[biocrude/green crude/syncrude](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biocrudegreen-crude)
[biodegradable](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biodegradable)
[biodiesel](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biodiesel)
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[biodiesel pipeline](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biodiesel-pipeline)
[biodiesel prices](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biodiesel-prices)
[biodiesel production](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biodiesel-production)
[biodiesel pumps](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biodiesel-pumps)
[biodiesel quality](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biodiesel-quality)
[biodiesel standards](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biodiesel-standards)
[biodiesel tax credit](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biodiesel-tax-credit)
[biodiesel technologies](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biodiesel-technologies)
[biodiesel terminal](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biodiesel-terminal)
[biodiversity](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biodiversity)
[bioeconomy](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bioeconomy)
[bioelectricity](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bioelectricity)
[bioelectrochemical conversion](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bioelectrochemical-conversion)
[bioenergy](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bioenergy)
[bioenergy program for advanced biofuels](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bioenergy-program-for-advanced-biofuels)
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[biofoundry](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biofoundry)
[biofuel](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biofuel)
[biofuel cells](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biofuel-cells)
[biofuel consumption](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biofuel-consumption)
[biofuel crops](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biofuel-crops)
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[biofuel infrastructure partnership (bip)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biofuel-infrastructure-partnership-bip)
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[biofuel production](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biofuel-production)
[biofuel tax credit](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biofuel-tax-credit)
[biofuels directive](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biofuels-directive)
[biofuels education](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biofuels-education)
[biogas](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biogas)
[biogas pipeline](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biogas-pipeline)
[biogasoline/renewable gasoline](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biogasolinerenewable-gasoline)
[biogasoline/renewable gasoline pumps](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biogasoline-renewable-gasoline-pumps)
[biogenic carbon](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biogenic-carbon)
[biogenic emissions](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biogenic-emissions)
[bioheat](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bioheat)
[biohydrocarbons](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biohydrocarbons)
[biohydrogen](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biohydrogen)
[bioisoprene](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bioisoprene)
[biomade](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biomade)
[biomanufacturing](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biomanufacturing)
[biomass](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biomass)
[biomass carbon removal and storage (bicrs)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biomass-carbon-removal-and-storage-bicrs)
[biomass crop assistance program (bcap)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biomass-crop-assistance-program)
[biomass hydrolysis](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biomass-hydrolysis)
[biomass recalcitrance](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biomass-recalcitrance)
[biomass research and development initiative (brdi)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biomass-research-and-development-program)
[biomass sorghum](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biomass-sorghum)
[biomass to liquid (btl)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biomass-to-liquid)
[biomass transportation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biomass-transportation)
[biomaterials](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biomaterials)
[bioplastics](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bioplastics)
[biopower](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biopower)
[biopreferred](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biopreferred)
[bioproducts](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bioproducts)
[biopropene](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biopropene)
[bioprospecting](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bioprospecting)
[biorefineries/renewable fuel production](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biorefineries-renewable-fuel-production)
[biorefinery assistance program (bap) old 9003](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biorefinery-assistance-program)
[biorefinery renewable chemical biobased product mfgr assistance 9003 program](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biorefinery-renewable-chemical-biobased-product-mfgr-assistance-9003-program)
[biorenewable-1 (br-1)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biorenewable-1-br-1)
[biosng](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biosng)
[biotechnology](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/biotechnology)
[birch](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/birch)
[bitter orange](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bitter-orange)
[black carbon](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/black-carbon)
[black grease](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/black-grease)
[black liquor](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/black-liquor)
[black locust](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/black-locust)
[black soldier fly](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/black-soldier-fly)
[blend wall](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/blend-wall)
[blender](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/blender)
[blender pumps](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/blender-pumps)
[blenders credit](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/blenders-credit)
[blending](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/blending)
[blendstock](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/blendstock)
[blockchain](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/blockchain-blockcoin)
[blue carbon](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/blue-carbon)
[boat fuel](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/boat-fuel)
[boiler/furnace fuel](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/boiler-fuel)
[bolivia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bolivia)
[bolt-on](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bolt-on)
[bonaire](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bonaire)
[bonds](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bonds)
[book-and-claim](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/book-and-claim)
[border tax](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/border-tax)
[borneo](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/borneo)
[bosnia and herzegovina](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bosnia-and-herzegovina)
[botswana](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/botswana)
[bq-9000](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bq-9000)
[brachiaria](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/brachiaria)
[bracken](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bracken)
[brackish water](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/brackish-water)
[brash](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/brash)
[brassica](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/brassica)
[brazil](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/brazil)
[breweries](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/breweries)
[brine](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/brine)
[british columbia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/british-columbia)
[broker](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/broker)
[brown grease](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/brown-grease)
[brownfields](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/brownfields)
[brunei](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/brunei)
[btus](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/btus)
[btx (benzene toluene xylene)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/btx)
[bu12.5](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bu12-5)
[bu16](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bu16)
[budget](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/budget)
[building block chemicals](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/building-block-chemicals)
[bulgaria](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bulgaria)
[bunker](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bunker)
[bunker oil](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bunker-oil)
[bureau of land management (blm)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/bureau-of-land-management-blm)
[burkina faso](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/burkina-faso)
[burma](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/burma)
[burundi](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/burundi)
[buses](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/buses)
[business and industry program (b&i)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/business-and-industry-program-bi)
[business law](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/business-law)
[business resources](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/business-resources)
[business/general aviation](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/business-aviation)
[butadiene](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/butadiene)
[butandeiol (bio-bdo)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/butandeiol-bio-bdo)
[butane](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/butane)
[butanediol](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/butanediol)
[butanol emissions](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/butanol-emissions)
[butanol/biobutanol](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/butanol-biobutanol)
[butyl acetate](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/butyl-acetate)
[butylene](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/butylene)
[butyric acid](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/butyric-acid)
[by](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/by)
[c](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/c)
[c1](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/c1)
[c2](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/c2)
[c21](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/c21)
[c3 sugar](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/c3-sugar)
[c5 sugar](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/c5-sugar)
[c6 sugar](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/c6-sugar)
[cabo verde](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/cabo-verde)
[cactus](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/cactus)
[cactus pear](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/cactus-pear)
[cagaita](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/cagaita)
[calibration](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/calibration)
[california](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/california)
[california air resources board (carb)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carb)
[calophyllum hawthorn](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/calophyllum-hawthorn)
[cambodia](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/cambodia)
[camelina](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/camelina)
[camels](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/camels)
[cameroon](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/cameroon)
[canad](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/canad)
[canada](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/canada)
[canary islands](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/canary-islands)
[canary reed grass](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/canary-reed-grass)
[canarygrass](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/canarygrass)
[candle nut](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/candle-nut)
[cannabis](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/cannabis)
[canola straw](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/canola-straw)
[canola/rapeseed](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/canola-rapeseed)
[cap-and-invest](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/cap-and-invest)
[cap-and-trade](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/cap-and-trade)
[capybara](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/capybara)
[capybras](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/capybras)
[carbohydrates](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbohydrates)
[carbon](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon)
[carbon capture and storage (ccs)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-capture-and-storage)
[carbon capture and utilization (ccu)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-capture-and-utilization-ccu)
[carbon cost](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-cost)
[carbon credit](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-credit)
[carbon credit markets](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-credit-markets)
[carbon cycle](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-cycle)
[carbon debt](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-debt)
[carbon dioxide (co2)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/co2)
[carbon efficiency](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-efficiency)
[carbon emissions](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-emissions)
[carbon fiber](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-fiber)
[carbon insets](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-insets)
[carbon intensity (ci)/carbon footprint](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/ci)
[carbon life cycle](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-life-cycle)
[carbon markets](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-markets)
[carbon monoxide (co)](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-monoxide-co)
[carbon negative](https://advancedbiofuelsusa.Info/tag/carbon-negative)
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| Bringing back Stomp: NPHC and Omega Psi Phi’s Step Show breathing life into Blac |
| Posted on Friday, December 06 @ 00:00:11 PST (21 reads) | |
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The seton hall kappa eta chapter of omega psi phi fraternity inc. And the national pan-hellenic council (nphc) hosted the stomp the hall step show during hall homecoming weekend from nov. 1-3.
students represented their respective greek organizations on campus and competed in a step show, which is a “historical form of communication and storytelling that is widely performed by fraternities and sororities that belong to the national pan-hellenic council,” according to [baylor university](https://studentactivities.Web.Baylor.Edu/attend-event/stompfest/what-stepping#:~:text=today%2c%20fraternities%20and%20sororities%20perform,positive%20messages%20and%20captivate%20audiences.).
one of the performances of the night featured caleb jones, a junior majoring in finance and technology (fintech) and sports management, and a member of kappa alpha psi fraternity inc. Jones said the event aimed to showcase the nphc organizations, which are referred to as the “divine nine,” on campus.
“i think the event displays [the] true culture of african american greek organizations through the steps themselves,” jones said. “Stepping could even be considered a lost tradition amongst our [organizations]. I think by bringing it back we’re showcasing a piece of not only greek culture but black history overall.”
another student who took part in the event was josalyn treadwell, a junior business management and law major and a member of zeta phi beta sorority, inc. Treadwell won the competition and despite her victory, she said that winning was not the only special factor attached to the event for her.
“i think the fact that this was held on homecoming weekend was special because it felt like for the first time, black and minority students had our own special part in conducting homecoming weekend,” treadwell said.
this year was the first time the event has ever been held at seton hall.
donovan thomas, a senior marketing major, shared his experience as a spectator.
“i usually go to different hbcu (historically black colleges and universities) homecomings because our school is a pwi (predominately white institution) and doesn’t really offer the same homecoming experience,” thomas said. “So i was immediately interested in attending an event like this because this is the first time in my college experience that seton hall has had something like this on campus.”
thomas said his favorite part of the event was not only seeing how many people participated in the show, but also seeing how many students, alumni, faculty, and family members came out to support.
two members of the kappa eta chapter of omega psi phi fraternity inc., Jahi bazin, a senior marketing major, and zachary edwards, a senior diplomacy and asian studies major, said they were ecstatic about the event’s overall turnout.
“our overall purpose in the event was to bring back the tradition of true stepping. We wanted to showcase more of the stepping aspect of greek culture [as] opposed to strolling which is seen more often. It’s also important that we distinguish the two because they are not the same,” said edwards.
bazin said that this wasn’t the first time seton hall has hosted a step show.
“the last annual step show that was held here dates all the way back to the late ‘80s,” bazin said. “It’s something that we upheld highly and it’s been so long that we knew we had to bring it back.”
this made watching the performances all the more impactful to them.
edwards said his favorite performance was that of delta sigma theta sorority inc.
“i really enjoyed their theme and just the overall creativity of their performance,” edwards said. “I’d say though i also enjoyed the zeta’s performance; it really was a close call, and i think the delta’s performance really encapsulated the essence of the enthusiasm of stepping.”
disclaimer: this article was published later due to scheduling issues. Thank you for your patience.
mckayla watkins is a writer for the setonian’s campus life section. She can be reached at [mckayla.Watkins@student.Shu.Edu](mailto:mckayla.Watkins@student.Shu.Edu). |
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| Achieving Net-Zero 2050: Advocating for aviation’s clean energy transition at CO |
| Posted on Friday, December 06 @ 00:00:11 PST (3 reads) | |
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E very year, the conference of the parties (cop) brings together representatives from states that have joined the united nations framework convention on climate change (unfccc). This year, cop29 took place in baku, azerbaijan, from 11 to 22 november 2024, with countries and stakeholders coming together to tackle the challenge of climate change. The unfcccestablished cop in 1992 to provide a space for world leaders, un agencies, negotiators, climate experts, businesses, activists, and indigenous peoples to share strategies and forge agreements on climate action. This year’s discussions focused on crucial objectives, including limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees celsius, supporting vulnerable populations, and advancing net-zero emissions by 2050—while ensuring national climate plans are both ambitious and achievable.
president of the icao council, mr. Salvatore sciacchitano, during the opening ceremony of cop29. During this event, icao advocated for aviation’s clean energy transition en route to net-zero 2050. Led by the president of the icao council, mr. Salvatore sciacchitano, and by the envoy of the icao secretary-general to the unfccc cop, ms. Jane hupe, our delegation at cop29 took part in discussions and hosted several events to inform parties and relevant stakeholders of the latest developments achieved by icao and our member states in addressing emissions from international aviation.
all icao outreach activities at cop29 are available on the icao at cop29 webpage .
on the opening day of cop29, icao hosted a briefing session titled implementing a clean energy transition for international aviation in support of the sustainable development goals at the un sdg pavilion. The event highlighted our efforts in achieving aviation’s journey towards net zero 2050 while ensuring that no country is left behind in aviation’s clean energy transition will contribute to the achievement of un sdgs, including sdg #13 on climate action.
envoy of icao secretary-general to the unfccc cop, ms. Jane hupe, moderating the cop presidency event on international aviation and climate change during transport day. “While international aviation continues to play an essential role in global connectivity and economic growth, icao and our 193 member states are committed to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, in support of the paris agreement’s temperature goal”, noted president sciacchitano. “Achieving the clean energy transition for aviation will require unprecedented efforts and collaboration towards capacity-building support and access to financing for the production and use of sustainable fuels”.
our briefing session showcased the recent progress made by icao and our 193 member states towards achieving the long-term global aspirational goal (ltag) for international aviation of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 and the implementation of the icao global framework for sustainable aviation fuels (saf), lower carbon aviation fuels (lcaf) and other aviation cleaner energies .
mr. Nazim m. Ziyadov, deputy director, state civil aviation agency, ministry of digital development and transport, was present to sign the agreement on behalf of azerbaijan caa. Representing icao were icao president sciacchitano, envoy of the icao secretary-general to unfccc cop ms. Jane hupe and regional director, european and north atlantic office, mr. Nicolas rallo. In the closing ceremony of the briefing event, azerbaijan state civil aviation agency, ministry of digital development and transport, joined as a partner of icao’s assistance, capacity-building and training for saf (act-saf) programme , which now involves over 200 states and relevant stakeholders. The act-saf programme provides essential support that includes exchanging best practices, training, policy development, and feasibility studies that facilitate the global scale-up of aviation cleaner energies in all regions.
the icao briefing session can be watched on demand here; the presentations are available here .
on 12 november, president sciacchitano adressed the high-level roundtable on energy: advancing climate mitigation action, held in the margins of the cop29 world leaders climate action summit , where he informed world leaders of the progress of aviation’s clean energy transition.
president of the icao council, mr. Salvatore sciacchitano, participated in the cop29 high-level presidency roundtable on energy. “The cleaner energy transition for aviation is unfolding now. Our path forward is clear. Since the adoption of the icao global framework, we are witnessing exponential growth in saf production and deployment. 136 airports are now distributing saf globally, with more than 350 facilities engaged in saf production. Saf is currently approved for up to 50% blending with conventional jet fuel. And we aim for 100% saf commercial operations in the near future.”
president sciacchitano concluded, “as aviation will remain essential for the connectivity of peoples and business, an essential driver for tourism, and a key enabler of development, icao will continue to work together with its 193 member states and all relevant stakeholders to ensure that no country is left behind in aviation’s clean energy transition as we lead the sector’s journey toward net-zero 2050.”
the icao delegation at cop29 met with h.E. Mr. Kassym-jomart tokayev, president of the republic of kazakhstan. Cop29 provided an important opportunity for icao to engage with various leaders to discuss on the importance of achieving net-zero 2050 for international aviation. In baku, president sciacchitano had a bilateral meeting with h.E. Mr. Kassym-jomart tokayev, president of the republic of kazakhstan, to discuss the critical challenges facing global aviation including in the context of climate change, and further areas of collaboration in shaping the sustainable future of aviation.
president sciacchitano also had the opportunity for bilateral meetings with the secretary-general of the international maritime organization (imo), mr. Arsenio dominguez, director-general of the international renewable energy agency (irena), mr. Francesco la camera, deputy executive secretary of the unfccc, ms. Noura hamladji, as well as representatives of the world bank and the international monetary fund.
these high-level bilateral meetings with international organizations provided valuable opportunities for discussing ongoing and further areas of collaboration, including common approaches to addressing emissions from international transport sectors, progress under the article 6 of the paris agreement to facilitate access of eligible carbon credits under the carbon offsetting and reduction scheme for international aviation (corsia) , and further operationalization of the icao finvest hub to facilitate access to investment to aviation cleaner energy projects.
icao president met with the secretary-general of imo, mr. Arsenio dominguez, to discuss on the ongoing collaboration between the two organizations and to explore the current initiatives being undertaken by each organization in line with their respective mandates to decarbonize their respective transport sector. Icao president met with the director general of irena to discuss on the ongoing cooperation between both organizations and on the current efforts deployed in advancing the clean energy transition of international aviation. Icao president met with deputy executive secretary of the unfccc, ms. Noura hamladji, to discuss on the ongoing cooperation between both organizations and to inform the unfccc secretariat on the recent progress made by icao and its 193 member states towards achieving net-zero 2050. The icao delegation at cop29 met with the executive vice president of the multilateral investment guarantee agency (miga) of the world bank group, mr. Hiroshi matano, to discuss on the efforts currently deployed in financing the clean energy transition of international aviation. On 13 november, at the opening session of the plenary of the sixty-first session of the unfccc subsidiary body for scientific and technological advice (sbsta 61), icao provided a statement under the sbsta agenda item on “bunker fuel” (emissions from international aviation and maritime transport).
envoy of icao secretary-general to the unfccc cop, ms. Jane hupe, delivering the icao statement to the sbsta. While reporting the substantial progress icao has made in addressing emissions from international aviation, the envoy of the icao secretary-general to the unfccc cop, ms. Jane hupe, highlighted member state concerns about the potential aviation taxation approach. She noted that taxation could divert critical financial resources needed for the sector’s climate action efforts and negatively affect air connectivity, particularly in developing countries.
“aviation is essential for the connectivity of people and business, an essential driver for tourism, and a key enabler of development. Icao is committed in leading the sector’s journey towards net-zero, but this requires unprecedented efforts for financing the production and use of sustainable fuels for aviation decarbonization. For example, just scaling-up saf production will require around usd 3.2 trillion up to 2050. In this regard, we join our member states in continuing to express strong concerns regarding proposals to use international aviation as a potential source for the mobilization of revenue for climate finance in other sectors. This may adversely affect aviation’s decarbonization efforts and the global benefits resulting from air transport connectivity and economic growth, in particular in developing countries, which will be most affected by such taxation measures.”
jane hupe speaking during the aviation event hosted at the qatar pavilion. Icao provided its written submission for consideration by the conference under the agenda item.
on 15 november during the “energy day” of cop29, we participated in a series of important side-events to enhance understanding, knowledge and awareness on the critical role of clean energy in achieving the decarbonization of international aviation.
in the first side-event, organized by qatar on “aviation sustainability: a long journey towards a more sustainable sector,” jane hupe showcased the recent milestones in icao’s journey toward aviation’s clean energy transition and highlighted the different key building blocks of the icao roadmap of actions for the implementation of the of the icao global framework for sustainable aviation fuels (saf), lower carbon aviation fuels (lcaf) and other aviation cleaner energies .
alongside ms. Hupe, the panel was composed of dr. Marie owens thomsen (senior vice president sustainability & chief economist at iata), mr. Carlos mauricio garcía (corporate affairs policy and standards manager at qatar airways) and mr. Rachid rahim (head of aviation environmental protection at qatar civil aviation authority – qcaa), moderated by mr. Mohammed al marzooqi (director of the president’s office at the qatar civil aviation authority – qcaa).
jane hupe representing icao during the side-event organized by the upu. Icao participated in a side-event organized by the universal postal union (upu) on “leveraging postal networks to influence global freight emissions”, where jane hupe highlighted how icao’s and the aviation sector’s efforts in decarbonizing international aviation can support the decarbonization of the global postal network. Alongside ms. Hupe, the panel was composed of ms. Elisabeth türk, director, economic cooperation and trade, united nations economic commission for europe (unece), ms. Celine bacrot, senior economic affairs officer, trade logistics branch, division on technology and logistics, united nations conference on trade and development (unctad), mr. Isi mustafayev, acting chairman of the board, azerpost llc, mr. Siva somasundram, director of policy, regulation & markets, universal postal union (upu) and mr. Nicolas peltier-thiberge, global director, transport, world bank (with a video message).
jane hupe representing icao during the side-event organized by deloitte. Icao then joined a panel organized by deloitte on the “future of low-carbon fuels: driving decarbonization in hard-to-abate sectors,” where jane hupe emphasized the need for developing and deploying lower-carbon aviation fuels (lcaf) alongside sustainable aviation fuels (saf), while underscoring the importance of ensuring that such development is economically feasible, cost-effective, socially and environmentally acceptable, and in accordance with national circumstances.
to conclude energy day, icao collaborated with iata and world bank on a side-event titled “a pragmatic way towards carbon neutral growth in international aviation,” where jane hupe provided an update on the implementation of the icao carbon offsetting and reduction scheme for international aviation (corsia) and explained its relation with the development of article 6 of the paris agreement on international carbon markets. The event was moderated by mr. Ethiopis tafara (vice president & chief finance, risk, legal and sustainability officer, miga). Ms. Hupe was joined on the panel by dr. Marie owens thomsen (senior vice president sustainability & chief economist at iata), mr. John melby (chief executive officer, xpansiv), and by ms. Deniz dastan (corporate sustainability manager, turkish airlines). The web-streaming of the event is available by clicking here .
jane hupe providing icao perspectives on corsia implementation during the side-event co-organized by iata and world bank. On 20 november during the “transport day” of cop29, icao organized and participated in a series of high-level events that highlighted how the recent progress in addressing emissions from international aviation contributes to the global efforts towards decarbonization.
icao collaborated with the cop29 azerbaijan presidency and the kingdom of saudi arabia in organizing transport day’s paramount event on “international aviation and climate change” that brought together high-level stakeholders, including government representatives, industry leaders, environmental experts, and financial investors to share their perspectives and identify the highest priorities to achieve the long-term global aspirational goal (ltag) for international aviation of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 .
the presidency event debuted with opening remarks by ms. Jane hupe, envoy of icao secretary-general to unfccc cop, as well as by mr. Elmin mammadov (deputy minister of digital development and transport, republic of azerbaijan) and by mr. Mohammad altayyar (program director in the ministry of energy, kingdom of saudi arabia).
jane hupe accompanied by the high-level panelists of the cop29 presidency event on international aviation and climate change. The event then continued with a high-level panel moderated by ms. Hupe, which included the active contribution of mr. Nazim ziyadov (deputy director, azerbaijan civil aviation agency), mr. Samir rzayev (president, azerbaijan airlines), dr. Marie owens thomsen (svp of sustainability and chief economist, iata), mr. Haldane dodd (executive director of the air transport action group, atag), mr. James leather (director of transport, asian development bank), dr. Sergey v. Kravchenko (visiting professor and a fellow at the sustainable aviation institute, imperial college, london) and mr. Musaab mohamed almulla (vice president of energy and economic insights, saudi aramco).
icao secretary-general, mr. Juan carlos salazar, addressed the participants with a video message. Icao also joined forces at cop29 with two other united nations organizations responsible for transport – the international maritime organization (imo) and the united nations economic commission for europe (unece) – to organize a side-event titled “decarbonizing transport: policies and strategies for civil aviation, maritime and inland transport.” This event highlighted the recent progress made by icao, imo and unece in addressing the impact of their transport sectors on climate change, and it showcased how our member states and key stakeholders are contributing to actions necessary to achieve carbon neutrality. The event debuted with keynote remarks in the form of video messages from the heads of all three organizations, including by icao secretary-general, mr. Juan carlos salazar, which can be accessed by clicking here .
ms. Hupe further presented the icao mandate on emissions from international aviation and key progress on the development, deployment and production of saf around the globe, and then moderated a specific session aviation which included the participation of mr. Daniel ng (chief sustainability officer, civil aviation authority of singapore – caas) and dr. Marie owens thomsen (svp of sustainability and chief economist, iata).
transport day was also highlighted by a key “aviation panel discussion on scaling up sustainable aviation fuel” organized by the singapore pavilion. Ms. Hupe participated in the panel and showcased the efforts deployed by icao and our 193 member states in implementing the icao global framework . She pointed to how states and stakeholders can work together to achieve the collective global aspirational vision to reduce co2 emissions in international aviation by 5 per cent by 2030 through the use of saf, lcaf and other aviation cleaner energies.
jane hupe along with the moderator and panelists of the aviation panel on scaling up saf organized by singapore. Ms. Hupe also presented the implementation support being offered to states under the icao act-saf programme, as well as the operationalization of the icao finvest hub . The aviation panel on saf was moderated by mr. Daniel ng (chief sustainability officer, caa of singapore) and ms. Hupe was accompanied on the panel by dr. Marie owens thomsen (svp of sustainability and chief economist, iata) and by mr. Frederic teo (ceo at genzero). For the complete discussion from the aviation panel, the event web-streaming is available by clicking here .
icao also participated in the “airport climate action showcase,” an event organized by aci world and heydar aliyev international airport that brought together leading figures in the global air transport industry. At the event, ms. Jane hupe joined the discussion on the current momentum for airport climate action, which is a significant contribution to the global efforts to ensure a sustainable future for the aviation sector. The other industry leaders present were mr. Justin erbacci (director general, aci world), mr. Olivier jankovec (director general of aci europe), mr. Haldane dodd (executive director, atag) and mr. Samir rzayev (president of azerbaijan airlines cjsc – azal).
jane hupe with aviation industry leaders during the event organized by aci world and heydar aliyev international airport. Icao participated in an event organized by deloitte at the canadian pavilion titled “towards a greener future: sustainable transportation in canada,” where ms. Hupe provided icao’s perspective on the roundtable dialogue that focused on the requirements to attract investment to green transportation in canada, with an emphasis on saf production. Topics discussed touched on policy support mechanisms, financial incentives, renewable energy and feedstock availability, book and claim systems, and access to jet fuel infrastructure.
the discussion was moderated by dr. Bernhard lorentz (global consulting services sustainability & climate leader at deloitte), and further included participation from ms. Paula vieira (director general environmental policy, transport canada), mr. Volker ratzmann (executive vice president, corporate public affairs, dhl global) and ms. Asmara klein (head of strategic policy partnerships, topsoe).
jane hupe addressing the panel during the deloitte event hosted by the canadian pavilion. In addition, icao took part in the “sustainable skies: charting the course for aviation fuel in emerging markets” event organized by topsoe, where ms. Jane hupe provided a keynote address highlighting the critical role of saf in achieving net-zero 2050, as well as the different feasibility studies on saf development being undertaken under the icao act-saf programme.
jane hupe delivering her keynote address during the event organized by topsoe. Finally, icao partnered with silk way west airlines, the official global air cargo partner for cop29, in an event on “sustainable solutions in logistics”, where ms. Jane hupe joined mr. Bahruz malikov (deputy director, state civil aviation agency, ministry of digital development and transport of the republic of azerbaijan) and dr. Marie owens thomsen (svp of sustainability and chief economist, iata) and other panelists in a discussion on sustainable aviation. Ms. Hupe took this opportunity to present the icao global framework to the panelists and emphasized the importance of collaboration between all stakeholders in the aviation industry to achieve net-zero 2050.
jane hupe addressing the panel during the event organized by silk way west airlines. |
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| 54 Popular Christmas Gifts for College Guys (2024) |
| Posted on Friday, December 06 @ 00:00:11 PST (5 reads) | |
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gifts for guys can be challenging, and i often struggle to decide what to buy my sons. But here are some of our favorite 2024 christmas gifts for college guys — sons, nephews, or any adult male on your holiday shopping list.
our favorite christmas gifts for guys (2024) 1. Anker power bank (amazon) here is the ultimate easy way to power an apple iphone while on the go. The anker power bank has a built-in lightening connector so no more tangled and messy cords needed.
here’s the latest version for anyone who has an iphone 15/16.
and for the samsung lovers, this charger gets top ratings: anker fast charger.
amazon save $25.99 2. Rugged & dapper lip balm (amazon) this four-pack of lip balms will let your son keep a tube in a backpack, desk, bathroom, and pocket. Made with beeswax, vitamin e, sunflower, jojoba, and rosemary oil.
amazon -$19.95 3. Levoit air purifier (amazon) being cooped up indoors for work or study at home makes an air purifier an even better and healthier gift idea for your son. This one gets top reviews for small spaces, reduces pollutants, and improves indoor odor. Real hepa filter. Now in a compact size.
amazon save 21% $39.49 4. Bombas socks (bombas) bombas wins all of our feel-good points for the highest-quality gifts that give back. Their everyday essentials (socks, t-shirts, underwear) are comfortable, durable, and last for years — even college guys are no match. Plus, they donate an item to help the homeless on your behalf for every item purchased. Gift packs sell out quickly.
bombas – starting at $13 8. Pickleball set (amazon) has your son become a pickleball player, or would he like to become one? This portable set from fila includes paddles, balls, and a net that can be packed into a bag. It can be set up for indoor or outdoor play.
amazon save 42% $88.61 9. Mens wallet with airtag (amazon)
slip the airtag in and they will never lose their wallet again-or maybe they will-but at least you’ll have a chance at finding it. Many great colors. And here is where you can find the airtags to put in all of their things.
amazon $24.99
10. Belkin charging duo station (amazon) this platform provides fast wireless charging for iphones plus airpods in one compact magsafe duo.
amazon -$98.50 11. Resistance band set (amazon) it’s not always easy to get to a gym when traveling, and this portable exercise set is just what your son or nephew would love for christmas if he likes to stay fit. Regardless of where their travels take them or what current living conditions allow, these graduated resistance bands, door anchors, and more will provide an excellent workout.
amazon -$43.99 12. Moon light (amazon) this light has been incredibly popular this year, and your son will be mesmerized by the remote control that gives him 16 colors to choose from. It comes with a stand and is available in different sizes.
amazon -$19.99 13. Money clip and card case (amazon) these thin leather cases will keep all your grown kids’ essential credit and id cards, plus any cash they need, in one compact card case. They are available in different colors of leather.
amazon -$20.97 14. Magic bullet blender (amazon) a blender is a quick way for your son to make himself a healthy snack. The magic bullet is #1 in the category on amazon.
amazon -save 25% $37.49 15. Defining decade: why your twenties matter and how to make the most of them (amazon) we have loved this book and were thrilled to be able to interview the author, dr. Meg jay, about the revised and updated version of her bestseller. This book is for your twenty-something son, who might be surprised to discover why this decade is so consequential and how to make every day count.
amazon -$12.69 16. Spikeball (amazon) this incredibly popular game has been on our list for several years for a reason — it remains a great outdoor activity that college kids and teen boys love to play.
amazon $59.99 17. Crocs unisex-adult dylan clogs (amazon) a new favorite among croc lovers.
amazon $29.99 18. Leatherology slim wallet (leatherology) we think these slim leather wallets are wonderful and available in many colors. They get the top reviews for men’s wallets, and it is easy to see why.
laetherology $75 19. Apple airpods pro (2nd gen) (amazon) this is the #1 tech gift for teens and college students for the 2023 holiday. Apple airpods pros will let them listen to music, have conversations, and ask siri questions wirelessly. They also have noise cancellation ability, which is incredibly helpful in a noisy dorm or apartment.
amazon -$245.99 20. Silicone airpods pros case cover (amazon) don’t forget to add a protective case cover like this one, available in many colors that will help keep the case (and airpod pros inside) from scratches or damage.
amazon $7.99 21. Mini shot retro camera (amazon) the guys are loving these retro digital cameras.
amazon $139.99 22. Lululemon men’s clothing lululemon has an extensive line of apparel and more for women and men. It has become a very popular choice for the guys in our lives.
lululemon 23. Throw throw burrito – a dodgeball card game (amazon) what happens when you cross a card game with dodgeball? We’re not sure either, but the ultra-popular exploding kittens makers are the masterminds behind this game. Everyone can play, but it is a proper match for college guys (still boys at heart).
amazon $21.68 24. Stocks plus napkin finance a practical gift could be the gift of stock. He can watch as the stock increases over time (one hopes.) Add a copy of the book napkin finance to help boost his financial literacy.
amazon $14.30 25. Metog unisex winter earmuffs (amazon)
excellent unisex earmuffs: the ear warmer is simple, lightweight, durable! The stretchable headband adjusts for a perfect fit for women, men, teenagers! Behind-head style earmuffs.
amazon $14.99
26. Dr. Squatch soap a 3-pack of cold process natural soap featuring a selection of manly scents including: fresh falls, wood barrel bourbon, and birchwood breeze. The guys love this soap.
amazon $24 27. Hanes hoodie (amazon) does your son love to live in hoodies and could he use a new one for a christmas gift? Check out the hoodies in a range of great colors.
amazon $11.46 28. Headlights for crocs
now they can finally see where they are going.
amazon $26.99 (4 pieces)
29. Fanatics college merchandise (fanatics) you will not find a more extensive site for college merchandise (and pro) than fanatics, with officially licensed merchandise from more than 500 colleges and universities. Shop t-shirts, hoodies, shoes, hats, banners, and more.
fanatics 30. Hatch restore – sound machine, sunrise alarm clock (amazon) an amazon choice, this device will let you wake up naturally. Also, a soft glow reading light.
amazon $169.99 31. Ultimate ears wonderboom 2, portable wireless bluetooth speaker (amazon) this bluetooth speaker is top-rated and is available in several colors. The hard shell cover makes it waterproof and dust-proof.
amazon $109.99 32. At home workout set (amazon) this workout set includes two sets of resistance bands, attachments, a training guide, an exercise chart, and online workouts for home, and this kit particularly targets strengthening the shoulders.
amazon $199.95 33. Hot sauce collection sampler set (amazon) this hot sauce sampler set contains thirty uniquely flavored hot sauces in mini glass bottles with varying heat levels. These sauces are a great addition to chicken wings, pizza, tacos, chili, and dips.
amazon $45.99 34. Mini fridge (amazon) keep drinks cold with this mini fridge. It holds 6 cans and comes in 4 colors.
amazon $30 35. Bluetooth beanie (amazon) bluetooth beanies are great for listening to music on his way to class. This winter cap has a 24-hour play time, a built-in microphone and hd stereo speakers.
amazon $26.99 36. Countertop ice maker (amazon) having an ice maker is so convenient for college students to make smoothies, iced drinks, or even just to have a cold glass of water.
amazon $219.99 37. Keurig coffee maker (amazon) for any coffee lover, a keurig is necessary to have in their college dorm or apartment for making coffee in the mornings. This one is less than 5 inches wide — perfect for small spaces like a college dorm. It brews any cup size between 6-12oz with keurig k-cup pods.
amazon $59.99 38. Bedside caddy (amazon) help him store his phone, books, glasses, snacks, and drinks with this bedside caddy. This is especially useful since many dorms do not come with nightstands.
amazon $13.99 39. Anker power strip surge protector (amazon) college rooms never come with enough outlets to charge all devices at once. This power strip includes 6 outlets, 2 usb ports, and 1 usb-c port. It also features fire resistance, overload protection, and surge protection.
amazon $25.99 40. Airtag (amazon) if your son is always losing his wallet, backpack, or keys, have him put this airtag inside so that he can track it and find it.
amazon – $24 41. Instant beverage cooler (amazon) for an instant chilled drink, this machine brings room-temperature drinks to ice cold in just 60 seconds.
amazon $24.99 42. Mini projector make your own home theater.
amazon $79.99 43. Men’s fleece joggers so comfy and warm.
amazon $31.99 44. Popdarts (amazon) i’ve been told that this indoor/outdoor suction throwing game is a ton of fun for everyone.
amazon $39.99 45. Microwave popcorn popper (amazon) this is perfect for popping popcorn in the dorm.
amazon $16.99 46. Kindle (newest model on amazon) a very useful and well-loved gift at a great price point.
amazon $159.99 47. Taco cat goat cheese pizza (amazon) very popular game among our readers.
amazon $9.95 48. Dash cam (amazon)
these seem to be a popular choice this year. This small version features 1080p video recording with 140-degree field of view to capture incidents. Use the voice control to start/stop recording, take pictures.
amazon $129.98
49. Duderobe (amazon)
a hooded robe with pockets that was featured on shark tank. Made of cotton in three great colors.
amazon $88
50. Loudcup (amazon)
quench your thirst and cheer for your team with this loudcup. Your teens will love this in any of the 12 great colors.
amazon $19.96
51. Portable bluetooth speaker (amazon)
take this rugged speaker anywhere. Ninety-two percent 4 and 5 star reviews.
amazon $399
52. Cologne sampler the guys love this.
sephora – $95
53. Rechargeable book light (amazon)
amazon save 52% $10.99
54. Theragun credit: theragun mini massage gun for all their aches and pains.
amazon save 25% $149.99
why should you trust us? We are three moms who have raised 8 young adults and have been working on products lists for over 12 years now, making us experts. When selecting products we survey the grown and flown parents facebook group of nearly 300,000 parents of teens, tweens and young adults. We do opinion polls, surveys and ask open ended questions. We search for products that combine reasonable price with high quality and are recommended by our large following.
prices accurate as of date of publication.
more great gift lists:
holiday gifts for her that she will love
stocking stuffers for teens
christmas gifts for teen boys |
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| Getting My Investment banking firm To Work |
| Posted on Friday, December 06 @ 00:00:11 PST (3 reads) | |
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The challenge is, does this 2nd internship (having a weak manufacturer identify) will ruin my photographs to go into a summer time within a bb?
my objective should be to recruit for megafund private equity associate roles. Im presently selecting in between evercore m&a (no industry specified, likely generalist at the outset, then afterwards requested to specialize) vs goldman fig to get a full-time analyst position.
strategy. Validation. Execution. Ccg catalyst is a number one lender consulting and research advisory firm that helps banking institutions, credit rating unions and fintechs navigate the promptly shifting economic landscape.
but paris is so near geographically which i’m not sure it matters a lot of. It’s not like selecting concerning la and nyc during the us where by the distance is a lot more of a barrier.
i wished to get your feelings on my prospects at breaking into ib for bb, eb, and mm. Heres my profile –> 2nd year at umich ross. I am in finance club and a business frat and possess management positions in equally.
) to institutions. Prime brokerage with hedge resources has actually been an specifically lucrative small business, along with risky, as seen from the financial institution run with bear stearns in 2008.
id attempt maybe a 50% / fifty% break up concerning mms and eb/bb banking institutions. Whats more, it depends a tad in your timing – should you’re early (i.E., This is certainly your first yr in college), youve get more info got a a lot better opportunity within the ebs/bbs. If not, it’s more durable because recruiting has moved up to generally be so early.
if you need to work in tech or a little something related to details science, absolutely sure, that technique is ok, but even there, you still require internships to get the very best potential for profitable roles.
reply m&i - brian july 10, 2022 it has a tendency to be rather hard to swap divisions or banks throughout/after summertime internships due to the fact absolutely everyone else is trying to carry out the exact same point, and banking companies don’t essentially know who will get or take return offers nevertheless.
so it’s not necessarily an awesome concept unless of course there is a burning desire to do the job in a different nation.
ccg catalyst is a leading financial institution consulting and analysis advisory firm that assists banks, credit history unions and fintechs navigate the promptly altering economic landscape.
reply m&i - brian august 6, 2023 they’re so new that it’s difficult to say considerably. I expect they’ll most likely be inside the “up and coming elite boutique” category ultimately. It always normally takes not less than a number of years for your new financial institution’s popularity to settle.
i am a rising junior and will get investing knowledge via golf equipment. What category really should i realistically aim for? Thank you
conflicts of curiosity might arise in between various parts of a lender, generating the prospective for industry manipulation, based on critics. Authorities that control investment banking, like the monetary perform authority (fca) in the united kingdom and also the sec in america, call for that banking institutions impose a chinese wall to circumvent conversation between investment banking on a person facet and equity exploration and trading on the opposite. |
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| Penn State Smeal team wins integrity case competition |
| Posted on Friday, December 06 @ 00:00:11 PST (1 reads) | |
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University park, pa. — A team of students from the penn state smeal college of business placed first in the annual business with integrity case competition.
the competition is meant to give students a real-life opportunity to apply values to business decisions. Participants chose a luxury brand to focus on so that they could improve their relationships with customers, maximize profits and contribute positively to society.
the case competition began with 66 teams consisting of students from varying majors across all of penn state, including representation from commonwealth campuses. The finals consisted of three teams. Ultimately the ks consulting team won.
the ks consulting team consisted of brenna boer, a second-year student majoring in marketing; garret weber, a third-year student majoring in finance; joseph li, a third-year student majoring in finance; and noa becker, a third-year student majoring in accounting.
the team ultimately chose the luxury brand dior due to the reported discovery this past summer of unethical labor practices at one of the companys suppliers.
“dior was a relevant company to pick because this investigation was so recent,” boer said.
in their argument, the team included two main points: inside-out linkages, or how a business’s operations affect society, and outside-in linkages, which are how broader society affects the business.
for their inside-out linkages, the team considered many things, including strategic investment and workers. For their outside-in linkages, they considered macroeconomic environments and regulations. While coming up with these points they needed to find an intersection between inside-out and outside-in linkages to discuss.
“the intersection of these consists of two elements: workers and regulations,” li said.
the primary sponsor for the case competition was the tariff center for business ethics and social responsibility. The mission of the tarriff center is to advance smeal’s commitment to honor and integrity by providing education, research and thought leadership to build tomorrow’s responsible business leaders.
smeal also partnered with the rock ethics institute, part of penn state’s college of the liberal arts, which promotes ethics, research and ethical leadership.
“the rock ethics institute provides support that enables us to engage students beyond smeal,” said michelle darnell, director of the tariff center for business ethics and social responsibility and smeal’s director of honor and integrity.
support also was provided by the tom and linda buday purposeful brands excellence fund.
“without partnerships within specific departments, we will not be able to combat the false beliefs that ethics is external to day-to-day operations, as though it is something like a ‘box’ that gets checked and then it is ‘done,’” darnell said. |
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| Developing a framework for community childcare doctors to support community-base |
| Posted on Friday, December 06 @ 00:00:11 PST (1 reads) | |
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Article text
abstract
objective unintentional injuries are a major threat to children’s health. Community-based health management services, which include the prevention of unintentional injuries among children aged 0–6 years, are important basic national public health services. However, deficiencies exist at this stage, such as community childcare doctors not being motivated to provide guidance. Previous studies have explored the impact of the underlying reasons; however, few studies have considered the supporting factors from a social perspective. This study explored the elements supporting community childcare doctors in conducting parental health education and sought to generate a framework capable of providing recommendations.
design a qualitative study was conducted to analyse data collected through semistructured interviews and used the grounded theory method.
setting interviews were conducted at eight health institutions, health management departments, hospital and universities in four regions of eastern china (shanghai, zhejiang, anhui and liaoning) and recorded on audio. Interviews were conducted face to face or online.
participants key informant interviews were conducted with 39 adults (15 parents of children, 11 direct providers of child healthcare and 13 health department managers or experts). The information obtained through interviews included the current situation and difficulties faced by community childcare doctors providing parental health education, the attitudes and perceptions of parents regarding receiving health education and the degree of service acceptance. The independent transcription of interview results was performed by two coders.
results a total of 39 interview transcripts from healthcare service providers, managers and demanders were analysed. Many factors affect the provision of parental health education by community childcare doctors, including the macrodimension and microdimension. Supplier, demander, direct support and indirect support were summarised and reported as both facilitators and barriers to active provision of health services, including 18 subdomains under these four main domains.
conclusions a theoretical model of parental health education based on community childcare doctors was constructed to explain the factors influencing the implementation of education by community childcare doctors. These include individual and socialised behaviours requiring cooperation among individuals, families, governments, the general public and all workers in the healthcare sector. For demanders, it is essential to evoke their beliefs, and for suppliers, it is necessary to improve their skills and stimulate their motivation, both of which cannot be separated from macrolevel support. This model can be used to guide intervention designs aimed at enhancing the enthusiasm of community childcare doctors and further enhancing parental literacy, ultimately achieving the goal of improving children’s health.
- health education
- caregivers
- health & safety
- child protection
- community child health
- primary health care
data availability statement
data are available on reasonable request.
http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
this is an open access article distributed in accordance with the creative commons attribution non commercial (cc by-nc 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
statistics from altmetric.Com
strengths and limitations of this study
the use of grounded theory made us aware of the factors affecting the motivation of community childcare doctors.
this study systematically summarises the supportive factors that enable community childcare doctors to deliver parental health education from a microlevel to macrolevel and develops a framework for the provision of recommendations.
some interviews were conducted remotely, which limited our ability to observe non-verbal information.
the parental health education model remains a theoretical model in qualitative research. Future research should quantitatively validate the model at a theoretical level through randomised controlled trials in selected areas.
background
injury is the leading cause of death and disability in children worldwide, posing a serious threat to their safety.[1](#ref-1) in china, injuries account for nearly 50% of deaths among young children.[2](#ref-2) an analysis of the mortality trends among chinese children aged under 5 years revealed an increase in the proportion of unintentional injuries as a cause of death[3](#ref-3) indicating the need to focus on preventing unintentional injuries in this age group.
the national basic public health service standards (third edition) identify unintentional injury prevention for children aged 0–6 years as a key focus area. Community childcare doctors are required to provide childcare services, including unintentional injury prevention through the child health management service platform.[4](#ref-4) currently, the rate of registered health management for children aged 0–6 years exceeds 90%.[5](#ref-5) owing to the inherent vulnerability of children aged 0–6, parental supervision is deemed necessary.[6–8](#ref-6) this suggests that the community-based child health services network offers a formal and practical platform to guide parents in preventing unintentional injuries among children, with wide coverage, high frequency and institutional guarantees. Community-based parental prevention of unintentional injuries for children aged 0–6 years is a feasible approach, and the positive impact of health education has been demonstrated.[9 10](#ref-9)
community childcare doctors are aware that their primary duty is preventing unintentional injury in children aged 0–6 years; however, implementation of child health services is inconsistent and often limited to basic oral education. This limitation hinders parents from significantly improving their knowledge, beliefs and behaviours related to the prevention of unintentional injuries in children, making it challenging to maintain effective prevention. Potential reasons include (1) the insufficient allocation of community childcare doctors and (2) the lack of detailed content regulations in the existing assessment system and operational instruction manuals during the guidance process have led to a lack of motivation among community childcare doctors to provide guidance. Addressing the inertia of community childcare doctors in implementing guidance for parents is important for improving the effectiveness of community-based parental health education for the prevention of unintentional injuries among children aged 0–6 years.
most existing studies have explored the impact of individual reasons, focusing on parents[11](#ref-11) or community childcare doctors,[12](#ref-12) emphasising the importance of abilities from an individual viewpoint. However, few studies have considered the supporting factors for individual-level problems from a social perspective. A systematic framework for supporting community-based parental health education to prevent unintentional injuries in children is lacking. There is a need to develop a systematic framework that incorporates individual and social analyses to support community-based parental health education and prevent unintentional injuries in children from the perspective of community childcare doctors.
in this study, we used a grounded theory approach to develop a supporting factor model to understand, analyse and solve the implementation challenges of parental health education faced by community childcare doctors regarding unintentional injury prevention. This model considers the essential elements to support community childcare doctors in actively delivering parental health education, along with the relationships among these elements from multiple perspectives. We constructed theoretical models to provide recommendations to enhance the motivation of community childcare doctors, ultimately improving parental literacy through health education, reducing the occurrence of unintentional injuries in children and ensuring child safety.
methods
study aims and setting
this study, based on the grounded theory, uses key informant interviews to understand the current implementation status of community-based parental health education on unintentional injury prevention in children in four eastern regions of china (shanghai, zhejiang, anhui and liaoning). The aim was to identify the problems faced by community childcare doctors in implementing health education for children’s parents and analyse the influencing factors. Based on the above, a systematic framework, including ‘supplier-demander-direct support-indirect support,’ was proposed to support community-based parental health education on unintentional injury prevention among children under 6 years of age to enhance its effectiveness. The report of this study follows the standards for reporting qualitative research (srqr) checklist for qualitative research ([online supplemental appendix 1](#dc1)).
supplemental material
the development of the eastern region of china is at the forefront of the country. According to the 2023 china statistical yearbook, shanghai is the economic centre of china and the most developed city in china with the second highest gross domestic product per capita in the country, followed by zhejiang province in 5th place, anhui province in 13th place and liaoning province in 19th place.
community childcare doctors are the main providers of child health services, while parents of children aged 0–6 years are the direct beneficiaries of child health services. The health commission, maternal and child health care center and centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) are managers or technical support parties that guide community childcare doctors in providing child health services. Therefore, we conducted interviews at eight health institutions and health management departments (three community health service centres, one health commission, one maternal and child healthcare institute, one cdc, one hospital and one universities). The study period was from october 2021 to march 2023.
grounded theory
the grounded theory method (gtm)[13](#ref-13) is a qualitative research approach that employs systematic procedures to develop and inductively derive grounded theories based on a specific phenomenon, with the main purpose of establishing theories based on empirical data. This method asserts that concepts in a theory must be generated from the material within the substantive field being explored and related to the research object rather than focusing on verifying a theoretical hypothesis. The core of grounded theory involves coding data hierarchically, which includes three levels of coding.
the gtm is recognised in both glaser and strauss versions. This study adopts the glaser version of the gtm, as the strauss version presupposes a theoretical coding to frame the data and no longer awaits the presentation of theoretical coding from the data analysis.[14](#ref-14) the research method in this study emphasises the natural presentation of theory through three-level coding.
study design and participants
following the principle of theory saturation, we aimed to understand the current status of parental health education provided by community childcare doctors, parents’ attitudes towards receiving health education, community work mechanisms related to the prevention of unintentional injuries in children and the institutional relationship between the community and other institutions through multiple rounds of key informant interviews. Understanding these issues requires the participation of children’s parents, community childcare doctors, clinicians, managers from various health service institutions and university professors in related fields.
the inclusion criteria for respondents other than parents were as follows: (1) understanding the research topics and issues related to unintentional injuries in children; (2) research expertise in health management, child healthcare and other relevant fields, which includes scholars from colleges, universities and research institutes or practical expertise in unintentional injury prevention in children and child healthcare services, which includes professionals from hospitals, healthcare committees, disease prevention and control centres, community health service centres and other relevant departments.
the inclusion criteria for parents were as follows: (1) being parents of children aged 0–6 years old and (2) being the primary guardians of their children or living together.
three rounds of semistructured interviews were conducted until no new theory appeared, starting with direct providers and recipients of child health management services and selecting respondents from the bottom up.
the first round of interviews aimed to understand the operational mechanisms of the current child health service network and the utilisation of unintentional injury prevention in child healthcare. We invited four childcare doctors and one manager of a community health service centre, one department director of the shanghai health promotion center, five parents of children aged 0–6 years, one member of the maternal and child healthcare centre management team, one cdc director and four experts as participants for the first round of interviews from october to december 2021.
after organising the results of the first round of interviews, the second round of interviews was conducted to understand the implementation biases of community childcare doctors, information asymmetry, conflicts of interest of all the parties involved, problems and influencing factors in implementing parental health education on preventing children’s unintentional injuries in the community at the practical level, and the reasons for the inactive behaviour of community childcare doctors in preventing unintentional injuries in children. We invited the following as participants: two childcare doctors of the community health service centre, seven parents of children aged 0–6 years, one member of the maternal and child healthcare centre management team, two members of the cdc injury department and two members of the health commission. The second round of interviews was conducted between september and november 2022.
based on the findings of the first two rounds of interviews, the third round explored the understanding of the problems and influencing factors related to the prevention of children’s unintentional injuries at the community level. Furthermore, the third round of interviews explored the reasons for the inactive behaviours of the community childcare doctors in preventing unintentional injuries in children and involved further interviews with higher-level institutions to provide potential solutions and suggestions. We invited two childcare doctors of the community health service centre, three parents of children aged 0–6 years, one member of the maternal and child healthcare centre management team, one clerk from the cdc injury department and one clerk from the health commission as participants. The third round of interviews was conducted from february to march 2023, and after the end of this round, the information reached saturation. A flow chart of the three rounds of interviews is presented in [figure 1](#f1).
data collection
for the semistructured interview materials, the researchers uniformly drafted an interview outline ([online supplemental appendix 2](#dc2)), which was discussed by team members and reviewed by experts in the field of child healthcare before sending it to the interviewees in advance, followed by consultations and interviews.
supplemental material
before the interview, the interviewees were informed that the entire interview would be recorded, subject to their consent. The recording was transcribed and reviewed immediately after the interview. The key points of the interview were summarised to avoid information omission or errors caused by the hawthorne effect. The interview manuscripts were summarised by the researchers and provided to other researchers in the team for verification. Once the verification was completed, the manuscripts were labelled with the time and location of the interview, participants, compiler of the manuscript and verifier to ensure the authenticity and completeness of the information. Semistructured interviews were conducted between october 2021 and march 2023. Each interview lasted for approximately 60–90 min. The interview recording was transcribed into text by two members of the research team to ensure accuracy. The research team for this study consisted of professor and graduate students in child health research, and doctors and experts in maternal and child health. These individuals had a thorough understanding of the research questions and possessed the skills to effectively analyse the data obtained. Data saturation was completed at the end of the second round of interviews, as we found that no new topics emerged during the third round of interviews.
data analysis
guided by the grounded theory, the data of this study were analysed and refined according to the three levels of coding, and relevant elements and models were constructed.[15](#ref-15)
first, open coding was performed.[16 17](#ref-16) the researchers established the theme as parental health education by community childcare doctors related to preventing unintentional injuries in children. The collected data were broken down and reassembled by reading and analysing the original interview records. The phenomena mentioned by the interviewees were marked and assigned preliminary concepts, which were named and categorised to create new concepts under the research theme and coded to form domains. Abstracting and generalising the rich and fragmented interview data generated a preliminary list of concepts mentioned by the interviewers that may have affected the engagement of community childcare doctors in parental health education.
the second stage of axial coding further refined the domains initially formed by open coding, identified various organic connections between the main and secondary concept domains and clarified the internal relationships and logic between them to reorganise the scattered data and summarise the main domains. Researchers organised various concepts based on a list of concepts obtained through open coding and identified key concepts as axes to form the main domains of this study, extracting the final elements used for model construction.
the third stage of selective coding focused on analysing the path relationships and relational structures between the main domains, serving as the process of building a model. It analysed how the elements interacted with each other and jointly influenced childcare doctors to conduct parental health education related to preventing unintentional injuries in children.
for quality control of data analysis in this study, to prevent error coding and other errors, the author initially encoded the data. Subsequently, other members of the research team selected a portion of the content for repeated coding and calculated the reliability coefficient to ensure the reliability and objectivity of the content analysis results.
patient and public involvement
none.
results
basic information of interviewees
in total, 39 participants were included in three rounds of interviews ([online supplemental appendix 3](#dc3)). Among them, 15 were parents of children (38.46%), 8 were community childcare doctors (20.51%), 12 were clerks or managers of healthcare delivery departments or health management departments (30.77%) and 4 were experts from hospitals or universities (10.26%). Among the parents of the children, 8 were mothers and 7 were fathers; 10 parents had a graduate degree or above, 5 had a bachelor’s degree and the average age was 32 years. Among the 24 experts, the average work experience was more than 10 years, and over half held a graduate degree or above.
supplemental material
data coding
in the open coding stage, we analysed the essential meaning of the interviewees’ discourse sentence by sentence and group the common concepts to extract 18 initial categories ([table 1](#t1)).
parental health education model
barriers and facilitators to providing parental health education for preventing unintentional injuries in children were identified from the perspective of community childcare doctors. Analysis of the interview data yielded four major domains that formed a set of elements, explored the relationships among them and formed the final theoretical model.
the elements that influence community childcare doctors to actively conduct parental health education for preventing unintentional injuries in children include four major domains: supplier-related factors, demander-related factors, direct support and indirect support. The inner circle primarily consists of the suppliers and demanders of children’s health-related services. The interaction between suppliers and demanders is influenced and guided by parental health education intervention programmes. Their work environment influences the motivation of providers to provide parental health education intervention services, while their family environment influences the motivation and effectiveness of parents in accepting health education. The middle circle consists of the direct support required to ensure that community childcare doctors provide parental health education, which affects the elements related to suppliers in the inner circle, such as technical training and performance evaluation. The outer circle is an indirect influencing element for community childcare doctors to provide parental health education, often considered at the macro level, including aspects such as social culture, publicity and fundraising. The construction of the parental health education model (phem) for community childcare doctors related to the prevention of unintentional injuries in children mainly considers the support from various stakeholders required in the service provision process from the individual to the social level.
supplier
value
value refers to the recognition of community childcare doctors towards parental health education. Community childcare doctors are responsible for many tasks and require genuine recognition of their work value to stay motivated in their guiding roles. As grassroots organisations, most of the work of higher-level health organisations is left to community health service centres, burdening them with undertaking multiple tasks, with remuneration and incentives unable to reflect their labour value. Many doctors expressed that they were concerned about and aware of the importance of their role in preventing unintentional injuries in children, ‘b01: because i have a pediatrician background, unintentional injuries are a concern for me, as we have seen too many regrettable things in pediatric clinical practice, such as drowning.’ However, resistance to providing guidance arises due to overwork, underpayment and inadequate incentives, which do not fully reflect the labour value of medical personnel. ‘B10: working as a doctor in the field of child healthcare is indeed very difficult, with limited funding and complicated tasks. Salary and incentives cannot reflect their labor values, so it will be very contradictory in terms of concepts.’
skill
skill refers to the professional knowledge and competence of community childcare doctors, which is a prerequisite for effective parental health education. Professional competence and responsibility are lacking, with a limited number of child healthcare doctors, which constrains the implementation of guidance work. ‘B01: many communities only have 1–2 doctors; they cannot cope with so many children in a limited time. Moreover, some of them may still have problems with their business skills and responsibility.’
behaviour motivation
community childcare doctors face many concerns when performing their duties, such as heavy workload, inability to balance various tasks, and potential risks in guiding against unintentional injuries in children. Therefore, relieving physicians’ concerns and motivating them to provide guidance is necessary. Community childcare doctors undertake multiple collaborative tasks such as physical examinations, health screening and health guidance, all of which aim at promoting children’s health. However, the number of doctors is usually insufficient, with heavy tasks affecting their motivation. ‘B01: i think the biggest problem should be that there are too few childcare doctors and not enough time.’ ‘B07: community childcare doctors have a heavy workload and may not have time to guide parents in preventing unintentional injuries.’ Time and energy constraints have led them to devote more time and energy to tasks that can be highly supervised, such as physical examinations, objective data filling, and mandatory assessment indicators.
some community childcare doctors who used to be clinical doctors are concerned about the serious consequences of unintentional injuries in children; therefore, they consider preventive measures to be important. However, they all stated that they had to make choices concerning their work owing to the unreasonable planning of work content because they lacked the behavioural motivation to educate parents in preventing unintentional injuries in children. ‘B01: there are no specific requirements or specific implementation measures within our system. Since there is no specific content, we will plan the work ourselves, but we are reluctant to say too much and will only briefly mention this issue.’
community childcare doctors have cited the potential risks involved in instructing parents on children’s unintentional injury-related content as a key reason for weakening their motivation. If parents follow the guidance of a doctor in the event of an accident, the doctor may be held legally responsible if problems arise. This fear may lead doctors to hesitate in providing guidance, ultimately neglecting their work on preventing unintentional injuries in children. ‘B07: if the guidance is unsatisfactory and some parents with worse attitude will say, ‘that is how the community childcare doctor taught me, and our child had problems. Which is actually difficult to deal with. Community childcare doctor may accidentally take responsibility, so they are not willing to take the initiative to guide parents.’
work environment
working environment refers to the mutual influence and working atmosphere of community childcare doctors. During the interview, community childcare doctors generally indicated that they work in an environment where people do not pay enough attention to guiding parents in preventing unintentional injuries in children. They will not actively provide health education, but if a doctor starts to initiate such efforts, they will be influenced, ‘a04?Nobody will do it. The current work atmosphere is like this, but someone may casually mention it; if i hear that when parents come to ask, i will also remind them in the meantime.’
demander
beliefs
parents’ beliefs are reflected in two aspects: they realise that preventing unintentional injuries in children is an important part of ensuring their healthy growth; however, they realise that they are primarily responsible for keeping their children safe and can ensure their safety. Learning, growth and development of children are considered the primary responsibilities of parents, while the prevention of unintentional injuries is not. ‘B03: i think the cognitive and physical development of children, as well as their moral character and learning, are my main responsibilities.’
in addition, parents fail to recognise the risks of unintentional injuries, such as underestimating the likelihood and severity of injuries. Some parents lack responsibility for or attribute unintentional injuries to fate, resulting in their inability to identify risk factors and take measures against injuries proactively. Many parents do not realise that they are the first person responsible for the safety of their children. When parents are not around them, they assume that whoever is around the child is responsible if the child is injured in an accident. ‘B03: if an accident occurs when a grandparent or babysitter takes a child out and i am not present, it must be the responsibility of the person with the child because i may have advised him at the beginning.’
interaction
interaction refers to the positive give-and-take between community childcare doctors and parents rather than the unidirectional knowledge output from community childcare doctors or inquiries from parents when guiding child injury prevention. From the parents’ perspective, they wish to receive more guidance from community childcare doctors and learn more about scientific parenting, including the prevention of children’s unintentional injuries and how to provide first aid after injuries occur. However, community childcare doctors need information about the occurrence of child injuries and parents’ knowledge and behaviours, to provide them with the necessary guidance. This interactive process requires periodic reciprocation, akin to a spiral progression. However, community childcare doctors often leave the content of their guidance to parents’ discretion and lack interaction with parents in practice owing to time constraints and insufficient guidance materials. An example of such guidance is, ‘1-year-old children are prone to falls; parents should pay attention.’ Interactions with parents are more focused on traditional topics, such as feeding, with little mention of injury prevention. ‘A01: nowadays, parents ask more questions about their children’s illnesses, for example rashes, or about feeding, such as whether their children have lost weight or gained weight. But parents rarely ask about the injuries.’
learn
learning refers to the process through which parents acquire the knowledge and skills they need from community childcare doctors. The current problem is that parents usually do not take the initiative to learn about preventing their children’s unintentional injuries. Therefore, preventive measures are usually based on common sense and life experiences or knowledge gained from communication with colleagues and friends. Learning about the prevention of unintentional injury is passive. ‘B03: we seldom take the initiative to study because, in our opinion, accidental injury is a small probability event. In addition, we are also busy at work, so we do not have time to learn. Knowledge of prevention also includes some experience in life or common sense, or communicating with colleagues or friends, which is also a kind of passive learning. Another possibility is that sometimes i may receive some push or video on the phone, which can also be considered passive learning.’
custody
custody refers to a change in the behaviour of parents after receiving health education, which is one of the direct outcomes that community childcare doctors focus on when providing guidance and subsequent follow-up. The current challenge is the absence of parents in the upbringing of children, ‘b05: nowadays, people’s lives are so stressful and fast-paced that the caregiving responsibilities of many parents are transferred to babysitter elderly people.’ When parents are not direct caregivers, they should be encouraged to participate in preventing unintentional injuries to their children.
in addition, attention should also be paid to the problem of ‘custody without caring.’ Parents are often by their children’s side at the time of the occurrence of some high-risk behaviours. However, momentary distraction or inattention may lead to accidents, ‘b03: sometimes i may look down to reply to a message, but as soon as i look up, the child runs away and disappears. Fortunately, there were no accidents.’ Therefore, special attention should be paid to the simultaneous existence of parent custody and caring in the process of health education. The direct purpose of conducting parental health education is to ensure changes in parental behaviour.
family environment
the family environment implies that parents who have received health education are expected to influence the behaviours of their children, such as reducing child-initiated high-risk behaviours. Additionally, they are expected to influence the custody behaviours of other child caregivers to form a positive family atmosphere. The most prominent feature of the eastern cities is that children have more than one caregiver. In the process of caring, how grandparents or babysitters take care of children is unclear because the parents are not around. ‘A07: it is not the same in different cities. After the birth of a child in shanghai, grandparents may come to take care of them, which may lead to a weaker responsibility of the parents.’
communication between parents and other caregivers is lacking. They do not specifically explain the prevention of unintentional injuries when transferring their children to other people for care. They will ask about the child’s situation at the end of the day, but they will not communicate in detail if nothing serious has happened, and parents are accustomed to ignoring prevention. ‘B03: when the grandparents take care of the child, i may advise them to give the child more opportunities and space for activities. For his age group, i may focus on the scope and frequency of activities, but i will not be particularly accountable for unintentional injury prevention.’
direct support
training
training aims to improve the professional skills required by community childcare doctors to provide parental health education, including knowledge related to the prevention of children’s unintentional injuries, first-aid skills, personal role recognition and other aspects. Community childcare doctors undergo various types of training; however, few specialised training programmes are related to the prevention of unintentional injuries in children. ‘B02: the maternal and child health care center will provide training for us, but not all of the content can be covered during the training program because there are too many topics, some of which are done in conjunction with the research projects, and some of which are routine. When unintentional injuries occur, special meetings will be held to discuss them, but there will be no special lectures related to children’s unintentional injuries.’ Community childcare doctors should be regularly provided with specialised training in unintentional injury prevention. Experts in relevant fields or clinical doctors with professional knowledge can be invited to increase community childcare doctors’ awareness of the value of their role, increase their knowledge of child injury prevention, and reduce the avoidance of providing guidance owing to fear of guidance errors.
cooperation
cooperation refers to the collaboration between community childcare doctors and other department workers within the community or support department workers outside the community, including optimising children’s health electronic systems and improving cooperation efficiency through information technology. Community childcare doctors receive work instructions from their superiors in different lines of the department; however, a lack of communication between the different lines of work leads to work conflicts. ‘B10: when i carry out my project in the community, the doctor will feel that there is one more thing. The work of coordinating with hospitals is already very complicated, and doctors also need to coordinate with the cdc, in addition to undertaking the work of national monitoring and shanghai municipal monitoring. As far as i know, there are duplicate indicators in the work of doctors that need to be reported several times.’ This indicates that a lack of communication and cooperation between different departments leads to confusion in the work of community childcare doctors. This may result in insufficient time to repeat work, resulting in a significant loss of work efficiency. Therefore, establishing a unified electronic system for child healthcare, especially for reducing unintentional injuries, is crucial.
incentive
to increase the motivation of community childcare doctors in providing parental health education, managers need to implement corresponding incentive measures to ensure the sustainability of education, such as setting reasonable assessment standards, forming assessment indicators and setting reward and punishment mechanisms based on assessment indicators. Parental health education is not a priority at this stage. No objective or mandatory assessment indicators exist, and the assessment results are not linked to salary, which, in their opinion, increases their workload and wastes time. Therefore, community childcare doctors devote less time and energy to tasks with low marginal returns. ‘B01: we will assess the rates of certain diseases, such as malnutrition rates, obesity rates, and anemia rates, and physical examination will be based on objective indicators. The assessment of unintentional injury depends only on whether the doctor guides it; there are no corresponding objective and mandatory assessment indicators.’ ‘B10: the assessment is not related to the doctor’s salary, and theoretically, there will not be any situation of the deduction of salary due to poor performance, but we will organize our competitions on health education material for community doctors to provide appropriate incentives, but not penalties.’
intervention programme
parental health education provided by community childcare doctors should be guided by a clear intervention programme that includes the overall goal of the intervention, target population, intervention design, intervention content, intervention tools (such as providing reference materials for community childcare doctors), intervention timing and frequency, implementation of the intervention and evaluation of the intervention. Professional injury prevention departments should design intervention programmes to guide community childcare doctors. Community childcare doctors only inquire about the occurrence of unintentional injuries when guiding parents to prevent them and provide a general description of the prevention of individual types of unintentional injuries, lacking specificity. As a result of the lack of guidelines for preventing unintentional injuries in children, doctors do not know how to provide guidance to parents or whether their guidance is correct, particularly in terms of first aid skills, ‘b02: there are detailed and authoritative policies or guidance materials on physical examination, health screening, and feeding guidance, as well as clear evaluation indicators, follow-up systems, and instruction manuals, so we will become more proficient by using these materials to support our work; however, guidance materials on unintentional injuries seem to be non-existent’. The intervention programme, a blueprint for community childcare doctors to provide parental health education, is an essential auxiliary tool in practice.
indirect support
culture and publicity
chinese parenting has attached great importance to feeding, diseases, belittling injuries and disease prevention. The importance of preventing unintentional injuries in children is gradually being recognised; however, official guidance is still lacking, and the overall approach remains unchanged. Failure to effectively promote the role of child healthcare to parents results in them being unaware that child healthcare includes guidance on unintentional injury prevention, leading to a lack of parental supervision. The lack of awareness among parents of their entitlement to guidance on this aspect of child healthcare limits the transmission of guidance to parents, even when the necessary condition and intentions for parental health education are in place. ‘A12: overall, in fact, parents still do not have a complete awareness or concept of unintentional injuries, not as obvious as the obsession with food or milk formula. It may be because of the issue of opportunity for unintentional injuries to occur. In contrast, calcium deficiency is more likely to happen.’ ‘B03: for the doctors’ advice, i actually pay more attention to scientific feeding as it is related to the growth and development of children. What i may want to know more about is some knowledge about children’s growth and development.’
evaluation system
from a macroperspective, higher-level managers must evaluate and supervise various institutions and organise timely supervision and inspections. The interview results revealed that the director of the maternal and child healthcare centre district lacked understanding and supervision of the operation of community health service centres and was unable to fully grasp all information on how community childcare doctors guide parents to prevent unintentional injuries in children. The district maternal and child healthcare centre supervise the work of community childcare doctors every 6 months, with long intervals and low frequency, and no actual impact on the results of the evaluation, ‘b01: at present, there is no corresponding reward and punishment mechanism for the evaluation results of various types of child health care work. The child health care work was ranked by 13 communities; however, those individuals involved in delivering child health care worked very hard and the rigid ranking results were discouraging.’
the existing evaluation system only focuses on whether parents are provided guidance on preventing unintentional injuries in children and does not assess the quality of the guidance, ‘b10: in our information system, it is not mandatory to provide guidance on unintentional injuries.’ Each district ranks community health service centres for their work on child healthcare; however, because of the lack of strict and reasonable evaluation indicators for guidance on unintentional injury prevention in children, the ranking results naturally do not affect work motivation, leading to a perfunctory attitude towards this aspect of the work. Guidance results are usually filled in subjectively, and the authenticity must be examined. ‘B10: this evaluation result is not linked to the doctor’s salary because the community is managed by each unit individually. Our maternal and child health care center only provides guidelines for work precautions, and there is no additional financial support or punishment for doctors.’
legal system
the legal system refers to the legislative framework protecting children’s safety and preventing unintentional injuries. Strengthening legislation and law enforcement efforts in the field of child injury prevention and control is necessary. China’s current legal system suffers from the problem of being ‘too abstract, emphasizing principles excessively and overlooking practical applicability.’ When parents fail to fulfil the necessary care and supervision responsibilities, resulting in injuries to children, they are usually not penalised, and parents also lack knowledge of the relevant laws. ‘A16: i think taking care of children should be more of a parental responsibility and obligation. As for legal regulations, intentionally hitting a child and causing serious consequences or abandoning the child is definitely illegal. But i do not think there is such a detailed legal regulation on taking care of children, and it is also impossible to regulate it.’ ‘A17: the national traffic laws are inadequate. They do not require children to sit in safety seats on highways, or specify the consequences of not ensuring that children do so, and i do not force him if he does not want to sit in it.’
there is no connection in community parental health education between legislation, the community and the target intervention objects. This results in a lack of implementation of national legislation in the community with a disconnect between the legal provisions and the content of community practice. What the community does is spontaneous or based on relevant policies that are distinct from the law. ‘A04: our work will be promoted according to some operational norms or policies, but not yet at the legal level. There may be some macro legal provisions in the country, but there are still differences with the specific work content we implement.’
financing
financing refers to the level of fundraising across community institutions and the internal allocation of funds to ensure sufficient financial support for related work. At the present stage, the financing sources for community health education are mostly subject funds or funds from higher level management units, which introduces the challenge of education being task-oriented and often transient, and the implementation unstable and unsustainable, ‘a12: when there are funds allocated from the higher unit or conducting research projects, the requirements for education are relatively high, and even doctors will be sent to control quality. However, once the project is completed, practice may not be sustained.’ ; ‘A12: if i can remember, i will send a pamphlet to parents while the subject is in progress, but there will be no other funds to support this work if the pamphlets run out.’
injury surveillance
the surveillance of unintentional injuries in children is relevant to the focus of community childcare doctors in parental health education. The results of the surveillance indicate the current trends in unintentional injuries in children to provide targeted interventions. Owing to the different characteristics and risk factors of different types of injuries, differences inevitably exist in the intervention programmes, skills required by doctors and parents, and other aspects. Surveilling, reporting and evaluating unintentional injury events during the child’s growth and development, promoting standardisation of data and strengthening personalised guidance are potential future development trends. ‘A02: the current focus of our work is still on the surveillance of children’s growth and development, such as scientific feeding, physical examination, and so on. Regular follow-ups will also be conducted, including follow-up of subjects keeping dietary records. However, there is no systematic record or regular follow-up of unintentional injuries. I think it can be strengthened in this regard.’
discussion
this study examined the elements necessary for community childcare doctors to provide parental health education related to preventing unintentional injuries in children and constructed a model to provide a theoretical basis for improving the motivation of community childcare doctors.
in the prevention of unintentional injuries in children, we already known through existing studies that the knowledge and behaviours of parents or guardians play a key role, and we can provide relevant health education or interventions to parents to improve their basic health knowledge and promote their adoption of positive behaviours.[18](#ref-18) however, there is a lack of systematic summary of the barriers and facilitators to the effectiveness of health education or interventions. We found that the effectiveness of health education varies among individual parents, and that their beliefs, learning abilities and objective custody conditions influence the effectiveness of health education. The effectiveness of health education is also related to the individual characteristics of community childcare doctors who provide health education, including their values, skills and working conditions. In addition, external factors such as training, incentive measures, social culture also have a direct or indirect impact on the effectiveness of health education.
we discovered that providing parental health education based on stakeholder findings requires consideration of the first level of elements related to suppliers and demanders and other support elements at higher levels. It involves higher-level managers and partners with the same work content in other lines. A study based on evidence from the who in the european region[19](#ref-19) highlighted the importance of promoting multisectoral collaboration to develop a national water safety plan to advance drowning prevention for children under 5 years. However, the goal of emphasising higher-level support elements remains to focus on community childcare doctors and assist them in performing their work and providing support.
we discovered that to conduct parental health education actively, the immediate internal elements of suppliers and demanders, which are relatively internalised parts of the equation, should be considered. Inner identity is a significant internal element of both the supplier and demander, manifested as a sense of value in the supplier and belief in the demander. Ablewhite et al
[20](#ref-20) proposed a major theme for individual parents from the demand side perspective that would hinder or promote children’s unintentional harm in the family, including risk awareness. Based on research conducted in the usa, moon et al
[21](#ref-21) reported that only 55% of caregivers received correct advice on preventing accidental suffocation in children during healthcare visits, indicating that even professional healthcare professionals lack awareness regarding the prevention of unintentional harm to children. Second, the model emphasises the importance of competency elements, whereby professional skills are required to provide health education, whereas the demander needs to possess the learning ability to receive health education. The supplier’s professional skills ensure that the guidance content conveyed to the parents is correct and useful. Providing guidance is a manifestation of a supplier’s skill. The complexity of the work content tests the efficiency of childcare doctors, and they must master how to provide guidance services efficiently. These skills are objective competencies that community childcare doctors must possess. Based on research in low-income south african communities, schwebel[22](#ref-22) found that effective communication with caregivers is essential for preventing unintentional injuries in children under 7 years of age. The author suggested that studies on health professionals is also necessary, as they are important information sources for parents and also often lack knowledge regarding child injuries. Parents’ learning must occur with sufficient frequency and intensity to be effective. Objective differences exist between the perceptions of parents and those of community childcare doctors; therefore, if parents are only given casual instructions, such as ‘pay more attention when the child rolls over’ and ‘do not make the bath water too hot,’ it can lead to problems as parents may lack genuine concern due to insufficient emphasis on the importance of these actions. We need to recognise this objective factor, which can affect parents’ learning behaviours. Additionally, the need for the supplier to be motivated to provide guidance corresponds to the need for the demander to communicate actively. The environment is also an element that affects both suppliers and demanders; the work environment of community childcare doctors can serve as an important tool for education,[23](#ref-23) and the family environment is a significant influencing factor for child safety. Finally, parent supervision measures, as an external manifestation of internal elements, have always been considered important.[24 25](#ref-24)
the elements of direct support that we emphasise have a direct impact on the implementation of health education services on the supply side. At this level, the elements we propose are not restricted to the intrinsic nature of one type of subject but rather we consider how to approach other subjects and provide external element support to influence the intrinsic elements of health education providers. We propose training as an element of direct support to improve the skills of community childcare doctors, incentives as an element to enhance the sense of value and behavioural motivation, an intervention programme as an element of security to ensure that parental health education is conducted in a planned and organised manner, and cooperation as an element to improve the efficiency of health education by connecting departments with similar work content to achieve information sharing, provide support to each other and increase communication and cooperation. A study by morrongiello in the usa[26](#ref-26) concludes that intervention targeting adult supervisors are critical, proposing existing ways to improve the intensity, frequency and quality of adult supervision of children.
the indirect support elements we emphasise affect the suppliers and demanders of health education at the macrolevel, primarily based on a social perspective. The cultural and policy environments cannot be ignored in guiding our work. A wealth of clinical research exists; however, there is a lack of public awareness about these studies. Therefore, increasing public awareness campaigns through official channels is urgently required to raise awareness among parents of the importance of preventing unintentional injury in children and the currently available services. The improvement of the evaluation system is conducive to forming good competition among communities, encouraging them to learn from each other and make progress together, establishing a feedback mechanism for public surveillance results and forming a positive social environment conducive to public surveillance. The development of a legal system allows the enforcement of the operations of community childcare doctors. In developed countries, laws have operational rules that have a binding effect on parents, doctors and other parties.[27 28](#ref-27) china must explore the promotion of practical work at the national legislative level. Legal requirements and prohibitions can promote changes in the environment and behaviour of parents and community childcare doctors to provide a legal basis for the development of parental health education. A study by nazif-munoz et al
[29](#ref-29) in israel demonstrated the effectiveness of legal/legislation and infrastructure modification in reducing traffic-related injuries and falls. Community childcare doctors must follow them at the institutional level to promote the protection of child safety. Financing is an important material support,[30 31](#ref-30) and community childcare doctors need stable and long-term financial support to provide parental health education. We discovered that injury surveillance is an important part of the closed-loop implementation of health education work, as the guidance content can be adjusted based on surveillance results and continuously improved. A study conducted in ethiopia[32](#ref-32) also concludes that it is necessary to develop an injury surveillance system at health facilities.
limitations
in terms of methodology, this study used key informant interviews and grounded theory in qualitative research. It must be acknowledged that the final conclusion of qualitative research may be affected by subjective tendencies of both the researcher and the interviewee. Although we have interviewed as many different individuals as possible, the phem obtained in this study needs to be further validated through quantitative investigation and analysis to verify the relationships and pathways between different dimensions.
in addition, the source of participants for this study was limited to the eastern region of china. However, the eastern region is in a leading position nationwide in terms of development, so the results of this study may not be representative of the whole country.
conclusions
this study contributes to the understanding of the factors affecting the motivation of community childcare doctors by examining the elements affecting their delivery of parental health education related to the prevention of unintentional injuries in children. We constructed a theoretical model of the elements required to deliver parental health education which identified the factors affecting the effectiveness of parental health education at the individual and social level, suggesting practical insights into considerations for real-world realistic interventions. For suppliers, professional skills are the fundamental guarantee for childcare doctors to provide parental health education, but skills alone insufficient, they also need to be motivated, both are indispensable. For demanders, holding the belief that preventing unintentional injuries to children is a top priority, and parents need to fully recognise its importance in order for education to be meaningful. In practice, we must consider not only individual factors, such as personal skills, but also the influences on individual factors, such as the willingness of suppliers to be influenced by their performance evaluation, which require macrolevel intervention measures. Thinking logically from individual to social level is necessary and valuable. We believe that the phem can guide intervention designs to enhance the enthusiasm of community childcare doctors for providing parental health education. Designs of both self-intervention and external intervention are encouraged, and more attention should be paid to factors that may hinder change, as informed by the phem. Future research will focus on the phem model to conduct a series of studies, such as health education interventions to enhance parental literacy and training interventions for community caregivers.
data availability statement
data are available on reasonable request.
ethics statements
patient consent for publication
ethics approval
this study involves human participants and was approved (irb#2021-10-0921) by the medical research ethics committee, school of public health, fudan university (irb00002408 and fwa00002399) on 14 october 2021. Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.
acknowledgments
the authors would also like to acknowledge the participants of this study for generously sharing their time and opinions on the provision of parental health education by community childcare doctors. We also thank all the residents for their participation. We thank editage (www.Editage.Cn) for english language editing.
footnotes
contributors all authors made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, and analysis and interpretation of data. Kc contributed to data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, drafting and revision of the manuscript. Qz contributed to data acquisition, analysis, interpretation and the conception, design, drafting and revision of the manuscript. Jx contributed to data acquisition. Yf, qx and jz contributed to the revision of the manuscript. Jl contributed to the study design. Xl contributed to data acquisition and interpretation, and conception, design, and revision of the manuscript. Xl acted as guarantor.
funding the project was supported by the national natural science foundation of china (nos. 71974037 and 71573049), the national social science foundation of china (no. 17zda078).
competing interests none declared.
patient and public involvement patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.
provenance and peer review not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
supplemental material this content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by bmj publishing group limited (bmj) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by bmj. Bmj disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, bmj does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise. |
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| Al Gore (Al Gore Wins Florida) |
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? | Al gore was the most pro-lgbt president in history to-date, and supported numerous policies to move the united states towards equal rights for lgbt americans. In december of 2003, after the massachusetts supreme court legalized same-sex marriage, gore signed a bipartisan bill that repealed dont ask, dont tell, a policy that had prevented gay and lesbian people from serving openly in the united states armed forces. On october 8, 2005, |
+ | al gore was the most pro-lgbt president in history to-date, and supported numerous policies to move the united states towards equal rights for lgbt americans. In december of 2003, after the massachusetts supreme court legalized same-sex marriage, gore signed a bipartisan bill that repealed dont ask, dont tell, a policy that had prevented gay and lesbian people from serving openly in the united states armed forces. On october 8, 2005, gore signed the matthew shepard and james byrd jr. Hate crimes prevention act, a measure that expanded the 1969 united states federal hate-crime law to include crimes motivated by a victims actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability. On october 30, 2001, gore lifted the ban on travel to the united states by those infected with hiv. The lifting of the ban was celebrated by immigration equality. |
same-sex marriage was an unpopular proposal during the early 2000s, and as a result, al gore supported civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex partners but opposed same-sex marriages in both of his campaigns. However, on the first day of pride month in 2007, president gore was interviewed on abc news and said his position had evolved on marriage equality. Gay men and women ought to have the same rights as heterosexual men and women -- to make contracts, to have hospital visiting rights, to join together in marriage, and i dont understand why it is considered by some people to be a threat to heterosexual marriage. He was the first president in american history to support same-sex marriage. |
same-sex marriage was an unpopular proposal during the early 2000s, and as a result, al gore supported civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex partners but opposed same-sex marriages in both of his campaigns. However, on the first day of pride month in 2007, president gore was interviewed on abc news and said his position had evolved on marriage equality. Gay men and women ought to have the same rights as heterosexual men and women -- to make contracts, to have hospital visiting rights, to join together in marriage, and i dont understand why it is considered by some people to be a threat to heterosexual marriage. He was the first president in american history to support same-sex marriage. |
latest revision as of 03:20, 6 december 2024
al gore
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[president of the united states](/wiki/list_of_presidents_of_the_united_states_(al_gore_wins_florida))
january 20, 2001 – january 20, 2009
[joe lieberman](/wiki/joe_lieberman_(president_gore_wins_florida))(jan 20, 2001 - nov 15, 2002)
vacant
(nov 15, 2002 - jan 4, 2003)
[patty murray](/wiki/patty_murray_(al_gore_wins_florida))(jan 4, 2003 - jan 20, 2009)
[bill clinton](/wiki/bill_clinton_(al_gore_wins_florida))[mitt romney](/wiki/mitt_romney_(al_gore_wins_florida))[vice president of the united states](/wiki/list_of_vice_presidents_of_the_united_states_(al_gore_wins_florida))
january 20, 1993 – january 20, 2001
[bill clinton](/wiki/bill_clinton_(al_gore_wins_florida))[joe lieberman](/wiki/joe_lieberman_(al_gore_wins_florida))january 3, 1985 – january 2, 1993
january 3, 1977 – january 3, 1985
6th district (1983–1985)
march 31, 1948
[washington, d.C.](/Wiki/washington,_d.C._(double_collapse)), u.S.[Democratic](/wiki/democratic_party_(united_states)_(double_collapse))(m. 1970; sep. 2010)
vanderbilt university
(no degree)
united states20th engineer brigade)vietnam warvietnam service medal
albert arnold gore jr. (Born march 31, 1948) is an american politician, businessman, and environmentalist who served as the 43th president of the united states from 2001 to 2009. A member of the democratic party, he previously served as the 45rd vice president from 1993 to 2001 under president bill clinton, and served in the u.S. Senate and the u.S. House.
the son of politician albert gore sr., Gore was an elected official for 32 years. He was a u.S. Representative from tennessee (1977–1985) and from 1985 to 1993 served as a u.S. Senator from that state. He served as vice president during the clinton administration from 1993 to 2001, defeating incumbents george h. W. Bush and dan quayle in 1992, and bob dole and jack kemp in 1996. The 2000 presidential election was one of the closest presidential races in history. Gore and his running mate joe lieberman won the popular vote by a margin of only 0.5%, and won the crucial battleground state of florida by only 6,607 votes over republicans george w. Bush and dick cheney, putting them over the 270 electoral votes needed to secure the presidency. As of 2023, gore’s 1990 re-election to the senate remains the last time democrats won a senate election in tennessee.
upon gore taking office as president, the united states had undergone the longest peacetime economic expansion in history, and the federal budget had a surplus for the first time since the 1970s. In his first year in office, gore signed bipartisan landmark legislation preserving the solvency of social security and medicare, along with other pieces of legislation regulating the internet for the first time, and the mccain-feingold campaign finance law. A decisive event that reshaped his administration was the terrorist attacks on september 11, 2001, resulting in the start of the war on terror and the creation of the department of homeland security. Gore ordered the 2001 invasion of afghanistan to overthrow the taliban, destroy al-qaeda, and the successful killing of osama bin laden. He signed the patriot act to authorize limited surveillance of suspected terrorists. In late 2001, he successfully nominated sonia sotomayor as the first latina to the supreme court. After an internal struggle over disagreements on going to war with iraq, gores vice-president, joe lieberman, resigned, and was replaced with patty murray. In 2003, gores party retook control of congress, and passed legislation promoting new government policies on healthcare, investments in infrastructure, security readiness, and the internet bill of rights. Gore also signed a repeal of the dont ask, dont tell policy in the military that had previously banned homosexual persons from service. In 2004, gore was re-elected president, defeating arizona republican senator john mccain, and his running mate, tom ridge, with a majority of the popular vote and over 300 electoral votes.
during his second term, president gore, along with his strengthened majority in congress, passed the affordable care act, which came to be known as gorecare, representing the u.S. Healthcare systems most significant regulatory overhaul and expansion of coverage since the enactment of medicare and medicaid. He also signed the global warming reduction act, the most extensive piece of legislation in american history addressing the issue of climate change, and it resulted in a 40% net decrease in carbon emissions in the united states by the year 2020. In 2005, gore elevated associate justice ruth bader ginsburg to chief justice, making her the first female chief justice of the united states, and appointing diane wood to the supreme court. In 2006, the united states entered an economic recession, and while gores allies in congress were able to pass the economic stabilization act of 2006, an $800 billion stimulus package, it did not stop the democrats from losing both chambers of congress in the 2006 midterm elections. At the time of his presidency, al gores administration was the most pro-lgbt to-date, and in 2007, he became the first u.S. President to endorse the legalization of same-sex marriage. Same-sex marriage would subsequently become the law in the united states in a 7-2 supreme court decision in 2010. In the last two years of his presidency, gore was mired by his unpopularity on the economy and with his inability to put a short end to the war in afghanistan. He faced numerous fights with republicans in congress, including a weeks-long government shutdown in 2007. Gore ended the war in afghanistan during the christmas holidays of 2008. When he left office, the u.S. Economy was no longer in recession, but it was not as strong as when he had taken office, and the government was facing budget deficits rather than a surplus.
while he spent a majority of his presidency with a high approval rating, gore left office in 2009 with a lower-than-average approval rating among outgoing presidents, closest to lyndon johnsons in 1969. The country experienced high levels of partisan division over economic and social issues that got worse as his presidency went on. However, his presidency has been ranked among the upper tier in historical rankings of u.S. Presidents. His legislative achievements on infrastructure, the internet, and climate change proved to be some of the most important policy decisions of the 21st century. While initially unpopular, gorecare, his premier legislative achievement on healthcare, survived a decade-long political onslaught from republicans, and would lay the groundwork for the passage of universal healthcare by president barack obama a decade later.
after leaving office, gore returned to his home in tennessee, and kept a low profile for his first year out of the presidency. However, he came back into public view in 2010, speaking out on issues of gay marriage and environmentalism. His presidential library was built on the campus of vanderbilt university, and it opened its doors to the public in 2012.
gore has received a number of awards that include the nobel peace prize in 2003), a grammy award for best spoken word album (2013) for his book an inconvenient truth, a primetime emmy award for current tv (2015), and a webby award (2013). Gore was also the subject of the academy award winning (2015) documentary an inconvenient truth in 2014, as well as its 2017 sequel an inconvenient sequel: truth to power. He was named time magazines person of the year in 2002, after keeping the united states from entering a war with iraq. In 2016, gore won the dan david prize for social responsibility.
early life and education
gore was born on march 31, 1948, in washington, d.C., The second of two children of albert gore sr., A u.S. Representative who later served for 18 years as a u.S. Senator from tennessee, and pauline (lafon) gore, one of the first women to graduate from vanderbilt university law school. Gore is a descendant of scots irish immigrants who first settled in virginia in the mid-17th-century and moved to tennessee after the revolutionary war. His older sister nancy lafon gore died of lung cancer.
during the school year he lived with his family in the fairfax hotel in the embassy row section in washington d.C. During the summer months, he worked on the family farm in carthage, tennessee, where the gores grew tobacco and hay and raised cattle.
gore attended st. Albans school, an independent college preparatory day and boarding school for boys in washington, d.C. From 1956 to 1965, a prestigious feeder school for the ivy league. He was the captain of the football team, threw discus for the track and field team and participated in basketball, art, and government. He graduated 25th in a class of 51, applied to one college, harvard university, and was accepted.
harvard, the vietnam war, journalism, and vanderbilt (1965–1976)
harvard
gore enrolled in harvard college in 1965; he initially planned to major in english and write novels but later decided to major in government. On his second day on campus, he began campaigning for the freshman student government council and was elected its president.
gore was an avid reader who fell in love with scientific and mathematical theories, but he did not do well in science classes and avoided taking math. During his first two years, his grades placed him in the lower one-fifth of his class. During his second year, he reportedly spent much of his time watching television, shooting pool and occasionally smoking marijuana. In his junior and senior years, he became more involved with his studies, earning as and bs. In his senior year, he took a class with oceanographer and global warming theorist roger revelle, who sparked gores interest in global warming and other environmental issues. Gore earned an a on his thesis, the impact of television on the conduct of the presidency, 1947–1969, and graduated with an a.B. Cum laude in june 1969. Gore was in college during the era of anti vietnam war protests. He was against that war, but he disagreed with the tactics of the student protest movement. He thought that it was silly and juvenile to use a private university as a venue to vent anger at the war. He and his friends did not participate in harvard demonstrations. John tyson, a former roommate, recalled that we distrusted these movements a lot ... We were a pretty traditional bunch of guys, positive for civil rights and womens rights but formal, transformed by the social revolution to some extent but not buying into something we considered detrimental to our country. Gore helped his father write an anti war address to the democratic national convention of 1968 but stayed with his parents in their hotel room during the violent protests.
military service
when gore graduated in 1969, he immediately became eligible for the military draft. His father, a vocal anti vietnam war critic, was facing re-election in 1970. Gore eventually decided that enlisting in the army would be the best course between serving his country, his personal values and interests. Although nearly all of his harvard classmates avoided the draft and service in vietnam, gore believed if he found a way around military service, he would be handing an issue to his fathers republican opponent. According to gores senate biography, he appeared in uniform in his fathers campaign commercials, one of which ended with his father advising: son, always love your country. Despite this, gore sr. Lost the election to an opponent who vastly out-fundraised him. This opponent was later found by the watergate commission to have accepted illegal money from nixons operatives.
gore has said that his other reason for enlisting was that he did not want someone with fewer options than he to go in his place. Actor tommy lee jones, a former college housemate, recalled gore saying that if he found a fancy way of not going, someone else would have to go in his place. His harvard advisor, richard neustadt, also stated that gore decided, that he would have to go as an enlisted man because, he said, in tennessee, thats what most people have to do. In addition, michael roche, gores editor for the castle courier, stated that anybody who knew al gore in vietnam knows he could have sat on his butt and he didnt.
after enlisting in august 1969, gore returned to the anti war harvard campus in his military uniform to say goodbye to his adviser and was jeered at by students. He later said he was astonished by the emotional field of negativity and disapproval and piercing glances that ... Certainly felt like real hatred.
gore had basic training at fort dix from august to october, and then was assigned to be a journalist at fort rucker, alabama. In april 1970, he was named ruckers soldier of the month.
his orders to be sent to vietnam were held up for some time and the gore family suspected that this was due to a fear by the nixon administration that if something happened to him, his father would gain sympathy votes. He was finally shipped to vietnam on january 2, 1971, after his father had lost his seat in the senate during the 1970 senate election, becoming one of only about a dozen of the 1,115 harvard graduates in the class of 69 who went to vietnam. Gore was stationed with the 20th engineer brigade in biên hòa and was a journalist with the castle courier. He received an honorable discharge from the army in may 1971.
of his time in the army, gore later stated, i didnt do the most, or run the gravest danger. But i was proud to wear my countrys uniform. He also later stated that his experience in vietnam
didnt change my conclusions about the war being a terrible mistake, but it struck me that opponents to the war, including myself, really did not take into account the fact that there were an awful lot of south vietnamese who desperately wanted to hang on to what they called freedom. Coming face to face with those sentiments expressed by people who did the laundry and ran the restaurants and worked in the fields was something i was naively unprepared for.
vanderbilt and journalism
gore was dispirited after his return from vietnam. Nashvillepost.Com noted that, his fathers defeat made service in a conflict he deeply opposed even more abhorrent to gore. His experiences in the war zone dont seem to have been deeply traumatic in themselves; although the engineers were sometimes fired upon, gore has said he didnt see full-scale combat. Still, he felt that his participation in the war was wrong.
although his parents wanted him to go to law school, gore first attended vanderbilt university divinity school (1971–72) on a rockefeller foundation scholarship for people planning secular careers. He later said he went there in order to explore spiritual issues, and that he had hoped to make sense of the social injustices that seemed to challenge his religious beliefs.
in 1971, gore also began to work the night shift for the tennessean as an investigative reporter. His investigations of corruption among members of nashvilles metro council resulted in the arrest and prosecution of two councilmen for separate offenses.
in 1974, he took a leave of absence from the tennessean to attend vanderbilt university law school. His decision to become an attorney was a partial result of his time as a journalist, as he realized that, while he could expose corruption, he could not change it. Gore did not complete law school, deciding abruptly, in 1976, to run for a seat in the u.S. House of representatives when he found out that his fathers former seat in the house was about to be vacated.
congress (1977–1993)
gore began serving in the u.S. Congress at the age of 28 and stayed there for the next 16 years, serving in both the house (1977–1985) and the senate (1985–1993). Gore spent many weekends in tennessee, working with his constituents.
house and senate
at the end of february 1976, u.S. Representative joe l. Evins unexpectedly announced his retirement from congress, making tennessees 4th congressional district seat, to which he had succeeded albert gore sr. In 1953 open. Within hours after the tennessean publisher john seigenthaler sr. Called him to tell him the announcement was forthcoming, gore decided to quit law school and run for the house of representatives:
gores abrupt decision to run for the open seat surprised even himself; he later said that i didnt realize myself i had been pulled back so much to it. The news came as a bombshell to his wife. Tipper gore held a job in the tennesseans photo lab and was working on a masters degree in psychology, but she joined in her husbands campaign (with assurance that she could get her job at the tennessean back if he lost). By contrast, gore asked his father to stay out of his campaign: i must become my own man, he explained. I must not be your candidate.
gore won the 1976 democratic primary for the district with 32 percent of the vote, three percentage points more than his nearest rival, and was opposed only by an independent candidate in the election, recording 94 percent of the overall vote. He went on to win the next three elections, in 1978, 1980 and 1982, where he was unopposed twice and won 79 percent of the vote the other time. In 1984, gore successfully ran for a seat in the u.S. Senate, which had been vacated by republican senate majority leader howard baker. He was unopposed in the democratic senatorial primary and won the general election going away, despite the fact that republican president ronald reagan swept tennessee in his reelection campaign the same year. Gore defeated republican senatorial nominee victor ashe, subsequently the mayor of knoxville, and the republican-turned-independent, ed mcateer, founder of the christian right religious roundtable organization that had worked to elect reagan as president in 1980.
during his time in congress, gore was considered a moderate once referring to himself as a raging moderate opposing federal funding of abortion, voting in favor of a bill which supported a moment of silence in schools, and voting against a ban on interstate sales of guns. In 1981, gore was quoted as saying with regard to homosexuality, i think it is wrong, and i dont pretend to understand it, but it is not just another normal optional life style. In his 1984 senate race, gore said when discussing homosexuality, i do not believe it is simply an acceptable alternative that society should affirm. He also said that he would not take campaign funds from gay rights groups. Although he maintained a position against homosexuality and gay marriage in the 1980s, gore said in 2008 that he thinks gay men and women ought to have the same rights as heterosexual men and women...To join together in marriage. His position as a moderate (and on policies related to that label) shifted later in life after he became vice president and ran for president in 2000.
during his tenure in the house, gore voted in favor of the bill establishing martin luther king jr. Day as a federal holiday. While gore initially did not vote on the civil rights restoration act of 1987 in january 1988, he voted to override president reagans veto the following march. Gore voted against the nomination of william rehnquist as chief justice of the united states, as well as the nominations of robert bork and clarence thomas to the u.S. Supreme court.
during his time in the house, gore sat on the energy and commerce and the science and technology committees, chairing the science committees subcommittee on oversight and investigations for four years. He also sat on the house intelligence committee and, in 1982, introduced the gore plan for arms control, to reduce chances of a nuclear first strike by cutting multiple warheads and deploying single-warhead mobile launchers. While in the senate, he sat on the homeland security and governmental affairs, the rules and administration, and the armed services committees. In 1991, gore was one of ten democrats who supported the gulf war.
gore was considered one of the atari democrats, given this name due to their passion for technological issues, from biomedical research and genetic engineering to the environmental impact of the greenhouse effect. On march 19, 1979, he had become the first member of congress to appear on c-span. During this time, gore co-chaired the congressional clearinghouse on the future with newt gingrich. In addition, he has been described as having been a genuine nerd, with a geek reputation running back to his days as a futurist atari democrat in the house. Before computers were comprehensible, let alone sexy, the poker-faced gore struggled to explain artificial intelligence and fiber-optic networks to sleepy colleagues. Internet pioneers vint cerf and bob kahn noted that,
as far back as the 1970s, congressman gore promoted the idea of high-speed telecommunications as an engine for both economic growth and the improvement of our educational system. He was the first elected official to grasp the potential of computer communications to have a broader impact than just improving the conduct of science and scholarship ... The internet, as we know it today, was not deployed until 1983. When the internet was still in the early stages of its deployment, congressman gore provided intellectual leadership by helping create the vision of the potential benefits of high speed computing and communication.
gore introduced the supercomputer network study act of 1986. He also sponsored hearings on how advanced technologies might be put to use in areas like coordinating the response of government agencies to natural disasters and other crises.
as a senator, gore began to craft the high performance computing act of 1991 (commonly referred to as the gore bill) after hearing the 1988 report toward a national research network submitted to congress by a group chaired by ucla professor of computer science, leonard kleinrock, one of the central creators of the arpanet (the arpanet, first deployed by kleinrock and others in 1969, is the predecessor of the internet). The bill was passed on december 9, 1991, and led to the national information infrastructure (nii) which gore referred to as the information superhighway.
after joining the house of representatives, gore held the first congressional hearings on the climate change, and co-sponsor[ed] hearings on toxic waste and global warming. He continued to speak on the topic throughout the 1980s. In 1990, senator gore presided over a three-day conference with legislators from over 42 countries which sought to create a global marshall plan, under which industrial nations would help less developed countries grow economically while still protecting the environment.
sons 1989 accident and first book
on april 3, 1989, al, tipper and their six-year-old son albert were leaving a baseball game. Albert ran across the street to see his friend and was hit by a car. He was thrown 30 feet (9 m) and then traveled along the pavement for another 20 feet (6 m). Gore later recalled: i ran to his side and held him and called his name, but he was motionless, limp and still, without breath or pulse.... His eyes were open with the nothingness stare of death, and we prayed, the two of us, there in the gutter, with only my voice. Albert was tended to by two nurses who happened to be present during the accident. The gores spent the next month in the hospital with albert. Gore also commented: our lives were consumed with the struggle to restore his body and spirit. This event was a trauma so shattering that [gore] views it as a moment of personal rebirth, a key moment in his life which changed everything.
in august 1991, gore announced that his sons accident was a factor in his decision not to run for president in 1992. Gore stated: i would like to be president.... But i am also a father, and i feel deeply about my responsibility to my children.... I didnt feel right about tearing myself away from my family to the extent that is necessary in a presidential campaign. During this time, gore wrote earth in the balance, a text that became the first book written by a sitting u.S. Senator to make the new york times best seller list since john f. Kennedys profiles in courage.
first presidential run (1988)
in 1988, gore sought the democratic partys nomination for president of the united states. Gore carried seven states in the primaries, finishing third overall in a field that included massachusetts governor michael dukakis, then senator, future vice president and current president joe biden, gary hart, congressman dick gephardt, paul simon and jesse jackson. Dukakis eventually won the democratic nomination and went on to lose in a landslide to george h. W. Bush in the general election.
although gore initially denied that he intended to run, his candidacy was the subject of speculation: national analysts make sen. Gore a long-shot for the presidential nomination, but many believe he could provide a natural complement for any of the other candidates: a young, attractive, moderate vice presidential nominee from the south. He currently denies any interest, but he carefully does not reject the idea out of hand. At the time, he was 39 years old, making him the youngest serious presidential candidate since john f. Kennedy.
cnn noted that, in 1988, for the first time, 12 southern states would hold their primaries on the same day, dubbed super tuesday. Gore thought he would be the only serious southern contender; he had not counted on jesse jackson. Jackson defeated gore in the south carolina primary, winning, more than half the total vote, three times that of his closest rival here, senator albert gore jr. Of tennessee. Gore next placed great hope on super tuesday where they split the southern vote: jackson winning alabama, georgia, louisiana, mississippi and virginia; gore winning arkansas, north carolina, kentucky, nevada, tennessee, and oklahoma. Gore was later endorsed by new york city mayor ed koch who made statements in favor of israel and against jackson. These statements cast gore in a negative light, leading voters away from gore who received only 10% of the vote in the new york primary. Gore then dropped out of the race. The new york times said that gore also lost support due to his attacks against jackson, dukakis, and others.
gore was eventually able to mend fences with jackson, who supported the clinton-gore ticket in 1992 and 1996, and campaigned for gore in 2000 and 2004.
1992 presidential election
gore was initially hesitant to be bill clintons running mate for the 1992 united states presidential election, but after clashing with the george h. W. Bush administration over global warming issues, he decided to accept the offer. Clinton stated that he chose gore due to his foreign policy experience, work with the environment, and commitment to his family.
clintons choice was criticized as unconventional because rather than picking a running mate who would diversify the ticket, clinton chose a fellow southerner who shared his political ideologies and who was nearly the same age as clinton. The washington bureau chief for the baltimore sun, paul west, later suggested that, al gore revolutionized the way vice presidents are made. When he joined bill clintons ticket, it violated the old rules. Regional diversity? Not with two southerners from neighboring states. Ideological balance? A couple of left-of-center moderates. ... And yet, gore has come to be regarded by strategists in both parties as the best vice presidential pick in at least 20 years.
clinton and gore accepted the nomination at the democratic national convention on july 17, 1992. Known as the baby boomer ticket and the fortysomething team, the new york times noted that if elected, clinton and gore, at ages 45 and 44 respectively, would be the youngest team to make it to the white house in the countrys history.. Gore called the ticket a new generation of leadership. The ticket increased in popularity after the candidates traveled with their wives, hillary and tipper, on a six-day, 1,000-mile bus ride, from new york to st. Louis. Al gore would participate in one vice-presidential debate against vice president dan quayle, and admiral james stockdale. That debate, as of 2023, was the only televised vice-presidential debate with more than two participating candidates. The clinton-gore ticket beat the bush-quayle and perot-stockdale tickets with 43% of the popular vote, versus their 38% and 19%, respectively. Clinton and gore received 370 electoral votes, versus the incumbent tickets 168, and perots 0.
vice presidency (1993–2001)
al gore served as vice president during the clinton administration. Clinton and gore were inaugurated on january 20, 1993. At the beginning of the first term, they developed a two-page agreement outlining their relationship. Clinton committed himself to regular lunch meetings; he recognized gore as a principal adviser on nominations and appointed some of gores chief advisers to key white house staff positions. Clinton involved gore in decision-making to an unprecedented degree for a vice president. Through their weekly lunches and daily conversations, gore became the presidents indisputable chief adviser.
however, gore had to compete with first lady hillary for president clintons influence, starting when she was appointed to the health-care task force without gores consultation. Vanity fair wrote that president clintons failure to confide in his vice president was a telling sign of the real pecking order, and reported it was an open secret that some of hillarys advisers...Nurtured dreams that hillary, not gore, would follow bill in the presidency.
gore had a particular interest in reducing waste, fraud, and abuse in the federal government and advocated trimming the size of the bureaucracy and the number of regulations. During the clinton administration, the u.S. Economy expanded, according to david greenberg (professor of history and media studies at rutgers university) who said that by the end of the clinton presidency, the numbers were uniformly impressive. Besides the record-high surpluses and the record-low poverty rates, the economy could boast the longest economic expansion in history; the lowest unemployment since the early 1970s; and the lowest poverty rates for single mothers, black americans, and the aged.
according to leslie budd, author of e-economy: rhetoric or business reality, this economic success was due, in part, to gores continued role as an atari democrat, promoting the development of information technology, which led to the dot-com boom (c. 1995–2001). Clinton and gore entered office planning to finance research that would flood the economy with innovative goods and services, lifting the general level of prosperity and strengthening american industry. Their overall aim was to fund the development of, robotics, smart roads, biotechnology, machine tools, magnetic-levitation trains, fiber-optic communications and national computer networks. Also earmarked [were] a raft of basic technologies like digital imaging and data storage. Critics claimed that the initiatives would backfire, bloating congressional pork and creating whole new categories of federal waste.
during the election and his term as vice president, gore popularized the term information superhighway, which became synonymous with the internet, and he was involved in the creation of the national information infrastructure. Gore first discussed his plans to emphasize information technology at ucla on january 11, 1994, in a speech at the superhighway summit. On march 29, 1994, gore made the inaugural keynote to a georgetown university symposium on governmental reform with a lecture entitled, the new job of the federal executive. Gore spoke on how technology was changing the nature of government, public administration, and management in general, noting that while in the past deep hierarchical structures were necessary to manage large organizations, technology was offering more accurate and streamlined access to information, thus facilitating flatter management structures. He was involved in a number of projects including netday 96 and 24 hours in cyberspace. The clinton–gore administration also launched the first official white house website in 1994 and subsequent versions through 2000. During 1993 and early 1994, gore was tapped by the administration to advocate for the adoption of the clipper chip, a technology developed by the national security agency designed to provide for law enforcement access to encrypted communications. After political and technical objections, the initiative was essentially dropped.
gore was also involved in environmental initiatives. He launched the globe program on earth day 94, an education and science activity that, according to forbes magazine, made extensive use of the internet to increase student awareness of their environment. In 1998, gore began promoting a nasa satellite (deep space climate observatory) that would provide a constant view of the earth, marking the first time such an image would have been made since the blue marble photo from the 1972 apollo 17 mission. During this time, he also became associated with digital earth.
gore negotiated and strongly supported the kyoto protocol to reduce greenhouse gasses, but said upon his return that the administration would not submit the treaty to the senate for ratification until it was amended to include meaningful participation by key developing nations, the senate had previously passed unanimously (95–0) the byrd–hagel resolution (s. Res. 98), which declared opposition to any greenhouse gas treaty which would limit us emissions without similar limits on third-world countries such as china. The clinton administration left office three years later without having submitted the treaty for ratification. In 1996, gore became involved in a chinagate campaign finance controversy over his attendance at an event at the buddhist hsi lai temple in hacienda heights, california. In an interview on nbcs today the following year, gore said, i did not know that it was a fund-raiser. I knew it was a political event, and i knew there were finance people that were going to be present, and so that alone should have told me, this is inappropriate and this is a mistake; dont do this. And i take responsibility for that. It was a mistake. A u.S. Department of justice investigation into the fund-raising activities had uncovered evidence that chinese agents sought to direct contributions from foreign sources to the democratic national committee (dnc) before the 1996 presidential campaign. The chinese embassy in washington, d.C. Was used for coordinating contributions to the dnc. Fbi agents were denied the opportunity to ask president bill clinton and vice president al gore questions during justice department interviews in 1997 and 1998 and were only allowed to take notes. In march 1997, gore had to explain phone calls which he made to solicit funds for democratic party for the 1996 election. In a news conference, gore stated that, all calls that i made were charged to the democratic national committee. I was advised there was nothing wrong with that. My counsel tells me there is no controlling legal authority that says that is any violation of any law. The phrase no controlling legal authority was criticized by columnist charles krauthammer, who stated: whatever other legacies al gore leaves behind between now and retirement, he forever bequeaths this newest weasel word to the lexicon of american political corruption. Robert conrad jr. Was the head of a justice department task force appointed by attorney general janet reno to investigate gores fund-raising controversies. In spring 2000, conrad asked reno to appoint an independent counsel to continue the investigation. After looking into the matter, reno judged that the appointment of an independent counsel was unwarranted.
during the 1990s, gore spoke out on a number of issues. In a 1992 speech on the gulf war, gore stated that he twice attempted to get the u.S. Government to pull the plug on support to saddam hussein, citing husseins use of poison gas, support of terrorism, and his burgeoning nuclear program, but was opposed both times by the reagan and bush administrations. In 1998, at a conference of apec hosted by malaysia, gore objected to the indictment, arrest and jailing of prime minister mahathir mohamads longtime second-in-command anwar ibrahim, a move which received a negative response from leaders there. Ten years later, gore again protested when ibrahim was arrested a second time, a decision condemned by malaysian foreign minister datuk seri dr rais yatim.In the 1996 presidential election, clinton and gore both ran for re-election for president and vice-president. They faced republican senate majority leader bob dole, with his running mate, jack kemp, a former member of house republican leadership and george h. W. Bushs secretary of housing and urban development. Gore and kemp debated once, in one of the lowest rated debates in history. Gore held his own against kemp, and kept president clintons large lead against dole stable. On november 5, 1996, clinton and gore were re-elected as president and vice-president with 379 electoral votes and an 8% margin of victory in the popular vote.
soon afterward, gore also had to contend with the lewinsky scandal, which involved an affair between president clinton and a white house intern, monica lewinsky. Gore initially defended clinton, whom he believed to be innocent, stating, he is the president of the country! He is my friend ... I want to ask you now, every single one of you, to join me in supporting him. After clinton was impeached, gore continued to defend him stating, ive defined my job in exactly the same way for six years now ... To do everything i can to help him be the best president possible.
second presidential run (2000)
there was talk of a potential run in the 2000 presidential race by gore as early as january 1998. Gore discussed the possibility of running during a march 9, 1999, interview with cnns late edition with wolf blitzer. In response to wolf blitzers question: why should democrats, looking at the democratic nomination process, support you instead of bill bradley, gore responded:
ill be offering my vision when my campaign begins. And it will be comprehensive and sweeping. And i hope that it will be compelling enough to draw people toward it. I feel that it will be. But it will emerge from my dialogue with the american people. Ive traveled to every part of this country during the last six years. During my service in the united states congress, i took the initiative in creating the internet. I took the initiative in moving forward a whole range of initiatives that have proven to be important to our countrys economic growth and environmental protection, improvements in our educational system.
former ucla professor of information studies philip e. Agre and journalist eric boehlert argued that three articles in wired news led to the creation of the widely spread urban legend that gore claimed to have invented the internet, which followed this interview. In addition, computer professionals and congressional colleagues argued in his defense. Internet pioneers vint cerf and bob kahn stated that we dont think, as some people have argued, that gore intended to claim he invented the internet. Moreover, there is no question in our minds that while serving as senator, gores initiatives had a significant and beneficial effect on the still-evolving internet. Cerf would later state: al gore had seen what happened with the national interstate and defense highways act of 1956, which his father introduced as a military bill. It was very powerful. Housing went up, suburban boom happened, everybody became mobile. Al was attuned to the power of networking much more than any of his elective colleagues. His initiatives led directly to the commercialization of the internet. So he really does deserve credit. In a speech to the american political science association, former republican speaker of the united states house of representatives newt gingrich also stated: in all fairness, its something gore had worked on a long time. Gore is not the father of the internet, but in all fairness, gore is the person who, in the congress, most systematically worked to make sure that we got to an internet, and the truth is—and i worked with him starting in 1978 when i got [to congress], we were both part of a futures group—the fact is, in the clinton administration, the world we had talked about in the 80s began to actually happen. Finally, wolf blitzer (who conducted the original 1999 interview) stated in 2008 that: i didnt ask him about the internet. I asked him about the differences he had with bill bradley ... Honestly, at the time, when he said it, it didnt dawn on me that this was going to have the impact that it wound up having, because it was distorted to a certain degree and people said they took what he said, which was a carefully phrased comment about taking the initiative and creating the internet to—i invented the internet. And that was the sort of shorthand, the way his enemies projected it and it wound up being a devastating setback to him and it nearly destroyed him, as im sure he acknowledges to this very day.
gore himself would later poke fun at the controversy. In 2000, while on the late show with david letterman he read lettermans top 10 list (which for this show was called, top ten rejected gore – lieberman campaign slogans) to the audience. Number nine on the list was: remember, america, i gave you the internet, and i can take it away! In 2009, when gore was awarded the lifetime achievement award for three decades of contributions to the internet at the webby awards, he joked in his acceptance speech (limited to five words according to webby awards rules): please dont recount this vote. He was introduced by vint cerf who used the same format to joke: we all invented the internet. Gore, who was then asked to add a few more words to his speech, stated: it is time to reinvent the internet for all of us to make it more robust and much more accessible and use it to reinvigorate our democracy.
during a speech that he gave on june 16, 1999, in carthage, tennessee, gore formally announced his candidacy for president. His major theme was the need to strengthen the american family. He was introduced by his eldest daughter, karenna gore schiff. In making the speech, gore also distanced himself from bill clinton, who he stated had lied to him. Gore was briefly interrupted by aids protesters claiming gore was working with the pharmaceutical industry to prevent access to generic medicines for poor nations and chanting gores greed kills. Additional speeches were also interrupted by the protesters. Gore responded, i love this country. I love the first amendment ... Let me say in response to those who may have chosen an inappropriate way to make their point, that actually the crisis of aids in africa is one that should command the attention of people in the united states and around the world. Gore also issued a statement saying that he supported efforts to lower the cost of the aids drugs, provided that they are done in a way consistent with international agreements.
while bill clintons job-approval ratings were around 60%, an april 1999 study by the pew research center for the people found that respondents suffered from clinton fatigue where they were tired of all the problems associated with the clinton administration including the lewinsky scandal and impeachment. Texas governor and likely republican presidential nominee george w. Bush was leading gore 54% to 41% in polls during that time. Gores advisers believed that the lewinsky scandal and bills past womanizing...Alienated independent voters—especially the soccer moms, who stood for traditional values. Consequently, gores presidential campaign veered too far in differentiating himself from bill and his record and had difficulty taking advantage of the clinton administrations legitimate successes. In addition, hillarys candidacy for the open senate seat in new york exacerbated the three-way tensions evident in the white house since 1993, as not only was hillary unavailable as a campaigner, she was poaching top democratic fund-raisers and donors who would normally concentrate on the vice president. In one instance hillary insisted on being invited [to a los angeles fundraiser for the vice president]—over the objections of the events organizers, where the first lady shocked the vice presidents supporters by soliciting donations for herself in front of tipper.
gore faced an early challenge by former new jersey senator bill bradley. Bradley was the only candidate to oppose gore and was considered a fresh face for the white house. Gore challenged bradley to a series of debates which took the form of town hall meetings. Gore went on the offensive during these debates leading to a drop in the polls for bradley. In the iowa caucus the unions pledged their support to gore, despite bradley spending heavily in that state, and bradley was much embarrassed by his two to one defeat there. Gore went on to capture the new hampshire primary 53-47%, which had been a must-win state for bradley. Gore then swept all of the primaries on super tuesday while bradley finished a distant second in each state. On march 9, 2000, after failing to win any of the first 20 primaries and caucuses in the election process, bradley withdrew his campaign and endorsed gore. Gore eventually went on to win every primary and caucus and, in march 2000 even won the first primary election ever held over the internet, the arizona presidential primary. By then, he secured the democratic nomination. Al gore remains the only presidential candidate in american history who was not the incumbent president to win every single contest in his or her party primary.
on august 13, 2000, gore announced that he had selected senator joe lieberman of connecticut as his vice presidential running mate. Lieberman became the first person of the jewish faith to run for the nations second-highest office. Many pundits saw gores choice of lieberman as further distancing him from the scandals of the clinton white house. Gores daughter, karenna, together with her fathers former harvard roommate tommy lee jones, officially nominated gore as the democratic presidential candidate during the 2000 democratic national convention in los angeles, california. Gore accepted his partys nomination and spoke about the major themes of his campaign, stating in particular his plan to extend medicare to pay for prescription drugs and to work for a sensible universal health-care system. Soon after the convention, gore hit the campaign trail with running mate joe lieberman. Gore and bush were deadlocked in the polls. They participated in three televised debates. While both sides claimed victory after each, gore was critiqued as either too stiff, too reticent, or too aggressive in contrast to bush.
recount
on election night, news networks first called florida for gore, later retracted the projection, and then called florida for bush, before finally retracting that projection as well. Gore then retook the lead by just over 5,000 votes, leading to the florida election recount, a move to further examine the florida results.
after the recount in florida, gores lead increased to 6,607 votes, which would become the certified result, giving gore 292 electoral votes and the presidency. George bush conceded the election on december 12, 2000, and later that day, gore declared victory in a televised address on the steps of the tennessee state capitol.
presidency (2001–2009)
first 100 days
the inauguration of al gore as the 43rd president took place on january 20, 2001. Having replaced a president of the same party, gore did not make many monumental executive orders in his first days in office.
his first major appointment was that of former maine senator george mitchell as secretary of state. Leadership of the department of defense went to norman dicks, a representative from washington state. Clintons secretary of the treasury, larry summers, continued in the position. In may of 2001, democrats took control of the senate when vermont senator jim jeffords switched from the republican party to becoming independent and caucusing with the democratic party. This allowed some of gores more controversial nominations to pass confirmation, including the elevation of bill clintons deputy attorney general, eric holder, to the office of attorney general.
domestic policy
social security and medicare
in fiscal year 1998, the federal government had its first budget surplus since the nixon administration. This was a result of a series of budget bills - the first coming in 1990, and the other in 1993 - that raised taxes, established a pay-as-you-go system of spending, and cut excess government expenditures. By 1998, the clinton administration was in a constant feud with the republican congress over impeachment, so the two sides kicked the can down the road and only used the surplus to pay down the national debt. However, the budget was a constant focal point in the 2000 campaign, and with al gore coming out of that fight as the victor, he had gained a modest amount of political capital to attack the issue. Although republicans controlled both chambers of congress by narrow margins, some saw the issue of the budget as an opportunity to advance some items on their own agenda in good faith with the gore white house. With gores inauguration speech and his subsequent address to a joint session of congress making the budget a clear priority, a deal was clearly in the works.
house speaker dennis hastert, along with a bipartisan group of senators, participated in a two-month negotiation with the gore white house. President gore and congressional republicans agreed to a landmark deal to migrate the revenues of the budget surplus into a separate account, or lockbox, and thereby preserving the solvency of social security and medicare. This plan charted a path towards a long-term balanced budget with strengthened benefits for seniors. In return, democrats agreed to the creation of medicare part d, which created an optional privatization of medicare prescription drug benefits - a proposal previously passed by republicans in the 1990s and vetoed by bill clinton. Senate democrats also agreed to lift their filibuster of republican bills on taxes, late-term abortions, and other conservative bills, forcing gore to veto them, thereby giving republicans a political weapon to use against him later.
lgbt issues
al gore was the most pro-lgbt president in history to-date, and supported numerous policies to move the united states towards equal rights for lgbt americans. In december of 2003, after the massachusetts supreme court legalized same-sex marriage, gore signed a bipartisan bill that repealed dont ask, dont tell, a policy that had prevented gay and lesbian people from serving openly in the united states armed forces. On october 8, 2005, gore signed the matthew shepard and james byrd jr. Hate crimes prevention act, a measure that expanded the 1969 united states federal hate-crime law to include crimes motivated by a victims actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability. On october 30, 2001, gore lifted the ban on travel to the united states by those infected with hiv. The lifting of the ban was celebrated by immigration equality.
same-sex marriage was an unpopular proposal during the early 2000s, and as a result, al gore supported civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex partners but opposed same-sex marriages in both of his campaigns. However, on the first day of pride month in 2007, president gore was interviewed on abc news and said his position had evolved on marriage equality. Gay men and women ought to have the same rights as heterosexual men and women -- to make contracts, to have hospital visiting rights, to join together in marriage, and i dont understand why it is considered by some people to be a threat to heterosexual marriage. He was the first president in american history to support same-sex marriage.
with democrats out of control of congress, gore had no policy agenda to advance in congress, so he began traveling the country igniting support for gay rights and environmentalism. The campaign became later known as the gay crusade. Gore was never able to sign a repeal of the defense of marriage act, but his support of same-sex marriage accelerated a titanic shift in public opinion of the issue. By the 2008 election, the american public was nearly split on the issue, and same-sex marriage bans were defeated for the first time in history by voters in two states. In 2010, both of gores supreme court nominees, sonia sotomayor and diane wood, were part of a 7-2 decision legalizing same-sex marriage nationwide.
environmentalism
gore has been involved with environmental issues since 1976 when as a freshman congressman, he held the first congressional hearings on the climate change, and co-sponsor[ed] hearings on toxic waste and global warming. He continued to speak on the topic throughout the 1980s, and is still prevalent in the environmental community. He was known as one of the atari democrats, later called the democrats greens, politicians who see issues like clean air, clean water and global warming as the key to future victories for their party.
in 1990, senator gore presided over a three-day conference with legislators from over 42 countries which sought to create a global marshall plan, under which industrial nations would help less developed countries grow economically while still protecting the environment. In the late 1990s, gore strongly pushed for the passage of the kyoto protocol, which called for the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. He was opposed by the senate, which passed unanimously (95–0) the byrd–hagel resolution (s. Res. 98), which stated the sense of the senate was that the united states should not be a signatory to any protocol that did not include binding targets and timetables for developing as well as industrialized nations or would result in serious harm to the economy of the united states.
in mid-2001, after gore had scored his first legislative victory on social security and medicare, he attempted to pivot towards the environment. However, the september 11th attacks delayed the effort. In early 2002, gore revived the issue, but his bill died in the republican-controlled house of representatives. Senate republicans, working with moderate democrats, authored a bill that placed major restrictions on toxins in the water supply. The compromise bill passed the republican house after a controversial vote in which dennis hastert violated a rule known as the hastert rule that required bills to have the support of a majority of the majority.
after democrats took control of both houses of congress in the 2002 midterm elections, gore attempted to once again pass his climate bill, but it was met with stiff opposition by conservative democrats in key districts with ties to fossil fuels. With only 220 seats in the house, it was not enough to get the bill over the finish line. However, nancy pelosi, the house majority leader, authored an amendment to the democrats reconciliation package that established the one green dollar for every gas dollar rule that stipulated that for every dollar spent by the government on fossil fuels, another dollar must be invested in finding renewable alternatives to energy. The bill passed the house on party lines in early 2003.
in 2004, gore was re-elected, and democrats majority in both the house of representatives grew large enough to open an opportunity for his climate bill to pass. The house of representatives passed a landmark bill in late 2005 that instituted a cap and trade policy, but the bill did not have the votes to pass the senate. The bill was thought to be dead, but senator bryd, one of the senators opposed to the cap and trade bill, drafted a new bill with senate majority leader tom daschle that would decrease carbon emissions 40% by the year 2020, and make unprecedented investments into electric vehicles, solar and wind energy, and groundbreaking tax credits for ordinary americans to go green. The bill bypassed the filibuster through reconciliation, and passed the senate 52-48, with one republican voting yes. The bill passed the house a few days later.
gore and the democrats would lose control of congress in 2007, and he was unable to accomplish any more on the issue of climate change in congress, but later that year, the united states, with the leadership of secretary of state and future vice president joe biden, joined the paris climate accords.
in 2012, gore co-launched generation investment management, a company for which he serves as chair. A few years later, gore would also found the alliance for climate protection, an organization which eventually founded the we campaign. Gore would also become a partner in the venture capital firm, kleiner perkins caufield & byers, heading that firms climate change solutions group. He also helped to organize the live earth benefit concerts. In 2014, he attended we day (vancouver, canada), a we charity event. In 2013, gore became a vegan. He had earlier admitted that its absolutely correct that the growing meat intensity of diets across the world is one of the issues connected to this global crisis – not only because of the [carbon dioxide] involved, but also because of the water consumed in the process and some speculate that his adoption of the new diet is related to his environmentalist stance. In a 2014 interview, gore said over a year ago i changed my diet to a vegan diet, really just to experiment to see what it was like. ... I felt better, so ive continued with it and im likely to continue it for the rest of my life.
gores an inconvenient sequel: truth to power, a sequel to his 2014 film, an inconvenient truth, premiered at the 2017 sundance film festival. The film documents his continuing efforts to battle climate change.
a climate and health summit which was originally going to be held by the centers for disease control and prevention, was cancelled without warning in late january 2017. A few days later, gore revived the summit, which was held by the climate reality project without the support of the cdc. In 2020 he helped to launch climate trace to independently monitor global greenhouse gas emissions.
criticism[edit]
this articles criticism or controversy section may compromise the articles neutrality by separating out potentially negative information. Please integrate the sections contents into the article as a whole, or rewrite the material. (August 2021) |
in the late 1980s and 1990s, gore was criticized for his involvement in asking the epa for less strict pollution controls for the pigeon river, which had long been polluted by a paper mill in canton, north carolina.
a number of people and organizations, including marsha blackburn, a current u.S. Senator and former congresswoman from tennessee, and a conservative washington, d.C. Think tank, have claimed that gore has a conflict of interest for advocating for taxpayer subsidies of green-energy technologies in which he has a personal investment. Additionally, he has been criticized for his above-average energy consumption in using private jets, and in owning multiple, very large homes, one of which was reported in 2007 as using high amounts of electricity. Gores spokesperson responded by stating that the gores use renewable energy which is more expensive than regular energy and that the tennessee house in question has been retrofitted to make it more energy efficient.
data in an inconvenient truth have been questioned. In a 2007 court case, a british judge said that while he had no doubt ...The film was broadly accurate and its four main scientific hypotheses ...Are supported by a vast quantity of research, he upheld nine of a long schedule of alleged errors presented to the court. He ruled that the film could be shown to schoolchildren in the uk if guidance notes given to teachers were amended to balance out the films one-sided political views. Gores spokesperson responded in 2007 that the court had upheld the films fundamental thesis and its use as an educational tool. In 2009, gore described the british court ruling as being in my favor.
gore was also criticized when in 2012 he sold his television channel current tv for around $100 million to al jazeera, a media company funded by the government of qatar, a nation largely dependent on income from the fossil fuel industry.
allegations of aggrandizement[edit]
inventing the internet[edit]
critics of gore have jumped on a statement he made in a 1999 interview on cnn with wolf blitzer by misquoting him as claiming he was instrumental in inventing the internet. In reality, gore stated: during my service in the united states congress, i took the initiative in creating the internet. I took the initiative in moving forward a whole range of initiatives that have proven to be important to our countrys economic growth and environmental protection, improvements in our educational system. During a quarter century of public service, including most of it long before i came into my current job, i have worked to try to improve the quality of life in our country and in our world. And what ive seen during that experience is an emerging future thats very exciting, about which im very optimistic, and toward which i want to lead.
it is easy to misinterpret the claim of creating with inventing the internet. Gore has been characterized as having either misspoke, or failed to clarify his important part in the transition of the internet from a defense network to a public network. Gore spent years promoting the internet and high-speed telecommunications as being important to the world as far back as the 1970s. A spirited defense of gore’s statement penned by internet pioneers bob kahn and vinton cerf (the latter often referred to as the “father of the internet”) in 2000 noted that “al gore was the first political leader to recognize the importance of the internet and to promote and support its development” and that “no other elected official, to our knowledge, has made a greater contribution [to the internet] over a longer period of time”.
protagonists of love story[edit]
in 1997, gore was having a late-night conversation with two reporters aboard air force two when he casually mentioned that he had either read or was told that he and tippers early pre-marital relationship in boston while gore was at harvard was the basis for oliver and jenny barrett, the protagonists of erich segals novel love story and its film adaptation. One of the reporters present, new york times reporter rick berke, stated that gore didnt offer it as a fact and that it was just second-hand info from a nashville tennessean article or reporter who had interviewed segal. Berke decided not to mention it in his article since it was not offered as a fact by gore. However, the other reporter present, karen tumulty (who was with time and is with the washington post as of 2022) included the quote in her own article and presented it as though gore claimed it as fact, which claim was picked up by numerous publications afterward as being another example of gore bragging about an incident that was either a lie or misleading. Segal then went public to clarify that gore was half of the basis for oliver barrett, which was the familial emotional baggage part, while the other half (athletic and poetic) was based on actor tommy lee jones, and that he knew tipper then, but that she was not a basis for the book and movie at all, nor was the gores relationship, and offered that the tennessee reporter either misquoted him or exaggerated the story. Segal had also attended harvard, but had done so mostly a decade or so earlier between 1954 to 1959, then later obtained his doctorate at harvard in 1965. Segal met both the gores and jones while on sabbatical at harvard in 1968 just after his college years.
personal life[edit]
gore met mary elizabeth tipper aitcheson at his st. Albans senior prom in 1965. She was from the nearby st. Agnes school. Tipper followed gore to boston to attend college, and they married at the washington national cathedral on may 19, 1970.
they have four children; karenna gore (b. 1973), kristin carlson gore (b. 1977), sarah lafon gore (b. 1979) and albert arnold gore iii (b. 1982).
in june 2010 the gores announced in an e-mail to friends that after long and careful consideration they had made a mutual decision to separate. In may 2012, it was reported that gore started dating elizabeth keadle of rancho santa fe, california.
he is baptist, and was a member of georgetown baptist church and mount vernon baptist church in washington, d.C.. In 2004, he announced he had left the southern baptist convention, but remained a baptist, and was a keynote speaker at the 2008 new baptist covenant convention, recipient of the baptist of the year” awarded by ethics daily that same year.
he is possibly related to the albert al n. Gore who ran in the 2012 mississippi senate election. In some interviews, the candidate described how he might be distantly related to the vice-president by saying the gore family split into two factions in the 1800s, with one going to tennessee (and later giving rise to the vice-president and his tennessee senator father), and the other going to mississippi (giving rise to that states democratic senate candidate). Despite the speculation, it has never officially been confirmed if the two are in fact distant relatives.
awards and honors[edit]
main article: list of awards received by al gore
gore is the recipient of a number of awards, including the nobel peace prize (together with the intergovernmental panel on climate change) in 2007, a primetime emmy award for current tv in 2007, a webby award in 2005, the dan david prize in 2008 and the prince of asturias award in 2007 for international cooperation. He was elected to the american philosophical society in 2008. He also starred in the 2006 documentary an inconvenient truth, which won an academy award for best documentary in 2007 and wrote the book an inconvenient truth: the planetary emergency of global warming and what we can do about it, which won a grammy award for best spoken word album in 2009. |
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